Evaluating Sustainability of Wild-Harvested Plant Trade

A method for assessing the sustainability of the wild-harvested plant trade is demonstrated on a valuable Himalayan perennial herb. Thousands of species of wild-harvested plants are bought and sold in large quantities around the world, but there is little information on sustainable harvest levels. Carsten Smith-Hall and colleagues conducted a sustainability analysis for Nardostachys jatamansi, a plant found in the high mountains of Nepal, and prized for the intensely aromatic oil, Spikenard, distilled from its rhizomes, which is used for perfumes and medicines. The proposed process includes collecting basic ecological data on each species, collecting basic trade data, and integrating the ecological and trade data to estimate ecological and economic sustainability at the relevant spatial and temporal levels. For understudied plants, data collection can require significant work. In the case of N. jatamansi, data from 1997-98 suggests that trade was largely sustainable. But data from the 2014-15 harvest suggests localized over-harvesting in western Nepal, particularly in the Karnali Province. According to the authors, encouraging a shift to more sustainable harvest practices, including cultivating-while-harvesting and management by community-based user groups, will likely be more effective in increasing sustainability than unenforced quotas or top-down bans on harvest.