Via Teleconference
11:02 A.M. EDT
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: Good morning. Thank you for joining us. We're now two months into our national strategy to defeat COVID-19. At the heart of our plan are a number of critical activities.
Vaccinations: We've had to significantly ramp up vaccine production to a level more than double when we arrived, acquired enough vaccines to vaccinate the population, and have set up a deadline — May 1st — by which all Americans should be eligible to get a vaccine.
We've done this not only by increasing vaccine production, but also adding thousands more vaccinators and thousands of additional locations to get vaccinated.
We are now vaccinating about 2.5 million people per day, up from 900,000 when we arrived. This weekend was the first time that the U.S. reported vaccinating more than 3 million people on consecutive days.
There are now a total of 81 million people — or nearly 1 in 3 adults — with at least one vaccine dose in the U.S., and 44 million who are fully vaccinated. Nearly 69 percent of seniors have now received their first vaccination, and 42 percent are fully vaccinated.
A second core element of our plan is to get schools open and open safely. This has meant following the science, dramatically increasing testing, and making it a priority to vaccinate teachers. With $10 billion committed to testing so far, schools have enough resources to properly test their students and staff.
Today, we're taking another step in building an equitable and efficient response. The state of Washington will receive its first federally — federal community vaccination site. The Yakima County CVC will be able to offer up to 1,200 shots per day. Local residents will be able to drive through the Central Washington State Fair Park and get a shot.
Now, this is the 22nd federally run vaccination site we've opened. And as you can see from some of the tweets on the screen here, these sites get great reviews as a place to get vaccinated. Combined, they deliver nearly 100,000 shots per day.
All of the sites are in areas defined by the CDC as having a high social vulnerability rating. In fact, against the backdrop of inequity in vaccine distribution generally, and the severe toll taken by the virus on people of color, in federal vaccination centers, over 60 percent of the shots have gone to people of color.
For example, Yakima County has been particularly hard hit throughout the COVID-19 pandemic with disproportionately high infection and hospitalization rates as compared to the rest of the state.
The President has set a goal of doubling the number of community vaccination centers run by FEMA and the U.S. military to ensure that we reach the hardest-hit communities in this historic effort.
We have much more work to do, but further progress was made this weekend.
With that, I'm going to turn this over to Dr. Walensky and then to Dr. Fauci for some important updates.
DR. WALENSKY: Thank you, Andy. I'm delighted to be back with you all today. Let's start with an overview on the state of the pandemic. The most recent seven-day average is about 53,800 cases per day, which is a slight increase from the previous seven-day period. And over the past two weeks, cases have continued to fluctuate somewhere between 50,000 and 60,000 daily cases.
The most recent seven-day average for new hospital admissions is just over 4,500 per day. Like COVID-19 cases, hospital admissions have been relatively stable over the last two weeks, hovering around 4,500 to 5,000 admissions per day.
Deaths continue to decline — a lagging indicator — with the most recent seven-day average of deaths slightly over [sic] 1,000 per day. Slightly under — sorry — 1,000 per day.
The apparent leveling off of cases and hospital admissions after the consistent declines we saw in these outcomes in early January through the end of February I consider to be very concerning.
In addition, while deaths continue to drop, they remain at elevated levels. And in the past week, the rate of decline of deaths has slowed.
We also know that the trajectory of the pandemic varies across the United States, with some states and regions of the country, such as the Northeast and the Upper Midwest, are beginning to again see a significant rise in cases.
Taken together, these statistics should serve as a warning sign for the American people. As I've stated before, the continued relaxation of prevention measures while cases are still high, and while concerning variants are spreading rapidly throughout the United States, is a serious threat to the progress we have made as a nation.
Increasingly, states are seeing a growing proportion of their COVID-19 cases attributed to variants. The newly identified variant, B1427/B1429, is estimated to account for 52 percent of cases in California, 41 percent in Nevada, and 25 percent in Arizona. And the B117 variant is estimated to be responsible for 9 percent of cases in New Jersey and 8 percent in Florida.
Believe me, I get it — we all want to return to our everyday activities and spend time with our family, friends, and loved ones. But we must find the fortitude to hang in there for just a little bit longer. We are at a critical point in this pandemic, a fork in the road, where we as a country must decide which path we are going to take. We must act now. And I am worried that if we don't take the right actions now, we will have another avoidable surge, just as we are seeing in Europe right now and just as we are so aggressively scaling up vaccination.
Nearly 25 percent of the American population have received at least one dose, and over 44 million people — about 13 percent of the population — is fully vaccinated. And we have more vaccine supply on the way.
Until then, we must do everything we can to stop the spread of COVID-19 and the proliferation of variants while we get more people vaccinated.
We now have 69 percent of adults over the age of 65 who have received at least one vaccine dose and 42 percent who are fully vaccinated. And we have seen that the vaccines are working. With increasing numbers of those over 65 now fully vaccinated, we're seeing the benefit. For the first time since last summer, the percent of those over 65 presenting to our emergency departments because of COVID-19 is lower than those age 26 to 45 in the United States.
These vaccines work. We're seeing it in the data. There are positive kinks in our curves. And we need to remain vigilant as we quickly get the rest of the American people fully vaccinated.
I'm calling the American people to action, whether vaccinated or not, to recommit to doing the right thing. Take the steps we know work to stop COVID-19: Wear a well-fitted mask, socially distant, avoid crowds and travel, and be ready to roll up your sleeve to get vaccinated when the vaccine is available to you.
Thank you. I'll now turn things over to Dr. Fauci.
DR. FAUCI: Thank you very much, Dr. Walensky. We have some good news today in the field of vaccine, and that has to do with the results that were announced yesterday from the AstraZeneca trial.
As shown on this slide, there are three platforms that have six companies involved. For the discussion over the next couple of minutes, we're going to be looking at the chimp adeno vector that is used by AstraZeneca, which yesterday revealed the results of their phase three trial.
Next slide.
Just to refresh your memory, the vector that is used in this platform is a chimp adenovirus in which the SAR-CoV spike protein DNA was inserted. That non-replication-competent harmless adenovirus is injected into the muscle of an individual. The DNA then codes for RNA, which then essentially codes for the spike protein which the body makes the immune response against. That is the fundamental mechanism of this platform.
Next slide.
And so, the data: We're talking about a phase three trial involving more than 32,000 participants who are 18 years of age or older, and it was at 88 sites — mostly in the United States but also a small amount in Chile and Peru — with a 2-to-1 randomization of vaccine to placebo.
The demographic distribution is shown here. Around 79 percent White, 22 percent Hispanics, 8 percent Black/African American, and 4 percent Native Americans, including American Indians and Native Alaskans residing in the United States, and 4 percent Asian. Twenty percent was 65 years of age or older, and 60 percent had comorbidities associated with an increased risk for progression of severe COVID-19, such as diabetes, severe obesity, or cardiac disease. This is important to get that many people who have comorbidities.
So right at the efficacy data, good results: 78.9 percent vaccine efficacy of preventing symptomatic disease; importantly, with regard to severe or critical disease requiring hospitalization, there was zero in the vaccine arm and five in the placebo arm. The good news is also that there was comparable efficacy across ethnicity and age; namely, a very good efficacy — 79.9 percent — in participants who are 65 years of age or older.
Next slide.
The reactogenicity and overall safety profile were good. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and the Data and Safety Monitoring Board identified no specific safety concerns related to the vaccines. Importantly, and this is a quote from the DSMB, "No evidence of disproportionate risk of thrombosis or events characterized by thrombosis among the 21,583 participants who received at least one dose. An in-depth search of the database for venous thrombosis revealed no events in this study."
Next slide.
The United States government has played a significant role in the conduct of this trial. It was funded by BARDA and by NIAID in a trial led by the company AstraZeneca; the NIAID supported by its clinical trial network, the CoVPN. The Data and Safety Monitoring Board was formed by NIAID, which monitored the trial to ensure safety and validity of the data. And NIAID intramural investigators co-authored key preclinical studies.
And finally, on the last slide: Importantly, this vaccine can be stored, transported, and handled at refrigerator temperatures for at least six months. And also, importantly, conditional marketing authorization or emergency use is already in play in more than 70 countries across six continents, and it has been given emergency use listing by the WHO.
I'll stop there. And back to you, Andy.
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: Thank you, Dr. Fauci, Dr. Walensky.
Let's go to questions, please.
MODERATOR: First question will go to Dan Vergano at BuzzFeed News.
Q Thanks very much. I'm wondering if you could comment on what you see going forward, if we continue vaccinating the most high risk and elderly, with regard to the death rates versus the case rates. Are we going to see much lower death rate overall with continuing, you know, relatively high case numbers? And does that communicate your message about vaccination if the death rates decline? Assuming that's a great thing, of course, but I wonder what kind of world we're going to see going forward with more — as more people get the vaccine. Thanks.
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: Why don't we start with Dr. Walensky and then Dr. Fauci?
DR. WALENSKY: Yeah. It's an important question for us to consider. I think one thing we have to realize is that there's still a death rate among people who are under the age of 65. And that death rate is certainly going to be consistent with the number of cases we have overall.
So while I consider it extraordinarily good news that our death rate is declining in those who have been vaccinated, there is still a death rate among those who are over, you know, 25 — over 20. And, you know, as those cases continue to increase in that demographic, we will see death rates in that demographic as well. So I think the messaging is very consistent. We still need to be vaccinating everyone who is eligible.
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: Dr. Fauci, anything you'd add?
DR. FAUCI: No. Just to underscore what Dr. Walensky said: Every time we look at data, it looks at when you're dealing with severe outcomes, hospitalizations, and deaths — the vaccines, all of them, have a very good track record. So, as Dr. Walensky said, that just underscores the importance of getting everybody vaccinated as quickly as we possibly can.
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: Great. Thank you. Next question.
MODERATOR: Next we'll go to Tom Howell at the Washington Times.
Q Hey, thanks for doing the call. With the AstraZeneca news and also robust data from Novavax, it looks like both of those might get emergency approval by May. I'm just wondering how you're thinking about that in terms of supplies — the challenge shifting now to what to do with any surplus; how to maintain interest in the shots here at home. How are you, kind of, working through, you know, whether we're going to have more supply than we need and what the challenges are now? Thanks.
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: Thank you, Tom. So, first of all, I'll start and then see if, Dr. Fauci, you want to add something.
So I think it's too early for us to declare that we're in a surplus position. We have been carefully planning. We have — obviously, the highest priority is to, as Dr. Fauci just said, to vaccine the U.S. public as quickly as possible.
So — but obviously, the more we get confidence in our increased supply, the more flexibility that gives us for different events down the road, whether it's vaccinating adolescents, whether it is sharing that supply with other countries, as we announced at the end of last week — four more million doses were just shared with Mexico and Canada — or whether it's other events.
So we are, obviously, monitoring the scenarios very closely and tracking these closely. Obviously, it is great news for both the U.S. and the world the more vaccines and the more supply that exist.
Dr. Fauci, anything you'd add?
DR. FAUCI: No, actually, Andy, you said it very well. I just want to underscore one aspect of it, which was on one of the slides that I mentioned: that there are very many countries in Europe and throughout the world who have already authorized this. So the fact that a United States-run study has confirmed the efficacy and the safety of this vaccine I think is an important contribution to global health in general.
I'll stop there.
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: Yeah, and something that, Dr. Fauci, you may want to — both of us would say is: It's important to just remind everyone we cannot and will not get ahead of the FDA. The FDA has incredibly rigorous scientific process. And so while we would certainly call today's news "encouraging" — it's the kind of thing we like to see — we have a rigorous process that will come once an EUA is submitted, and that will give us all more information and reason to be comfortable.
Next question.
MODERATOR: Let's go to Jeremy Diamond at CNN.
Q Hey, thanks for doing the briefing, as always. First of all, I'm wondering, you know, we've been between 54- and 58,000 new daily cases over the last two weeks. You guys are warning about the potential risks in that. What more are you doing to encourage states to maintain or re-impose coronavirus restrictions rather than relaxing them, as so many are?
And then, secondly, do you still expect Johnson & Johnson to deliver 20 million doses by the end of the month, which is just a week away now? Thanks.
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: So, Dr. Walensky — Dr. Walensky, would you like to take the first question about the kind of flattening of case rates and things that we can be doing as a country?
DR. WALENSKY: Yeah, I'd be happy to. You know, we are looking at these data. We're reaching out to individual states, trying to encourage them. We are having weekly governors' calls. We're doing outreach with states, territories to encourage them to look at their case data, to look at what's happening with the variants, and to do as much outreach as we can to try and — to slow down the relaxation.
ACTING ADMINISTRATOR SLAVITT: Yeah. And obviously you've heard the President say, and you've heard our — both Dr. Fauci and Dr. Walensky say that we believe it's a mistake to get rid of mask mandates.
Obviously, governors have certain authority there, but so do corporations, so do employers, so do individuals. And we're making concerted efforts to make sure that people know that whether or not there's a mandate in place, people that — it's in the people's strong interest — strong interest — to continue to wear a mask until such time that people have had a chance to be vaccinated.
