Resettlement is a strategic priority for the YJB. The recent thematic inspection of resettlement highlighted the difficulties in supporting children leaving custody. Despite promising initiatives, like the YJB resettlement consortia (where clear messages were produced about what factors influence success), these difficulties prevail.
To tackle this problem, the YJB introduced constructive resettlement as a common framework and set of principles necessary to improve resettlement outcomes. The approach is informed by the conclusion of Beyond Youth Custody research which highlights that the aim of resettlement should be to support a child to shift their identity, from 'pro-offending' to 'pro-social'.
"We all behave according to how we see ourselves and our place in the world, explains Professor Neal Hazel, YJB Board Champion for the Resettlement Priority.
Research shows that resettlement support is effective when it supports a child to move away from an identity that has allowed offending, to one that promotes a constructive future and desistance.
If that's what makes the difference, it makes sense for all services to be focused directly on whatever will facilitate each child's identity development, right from their very first contact.
The constructive resettlement framework consists of three key elements to support this identity shift. First, 'constructive casework' includes personal support that is explicitly framed around guiding the child to explore and develop their identity. Any structural support organised by agencies, like education and training, is then based on routes towards a pro-social identity.
Second, five key characteristics for effective practice are reflected in all resettlement support (known as the 5Cs):
- Constructive and strengths-based
- Co-created with the child and their supporters
- Customised to the child's identity needs, including diversity
- Consistent in their focus on identity from the start of the sentence
- Coordinated to ensure all support works to the same aims.
Third, everyone working with a child should be 'identity-aware'. The approach requires everyone working with the child to be conscious of the messages the child gives us about the way they see themselves. Equally, practitioners need to be careful that every interaction with the child fosters, rather than undermines, pro-social identity development.
"We've known for decades how labelling children as offenders can reinforce negative identity and behaviour. That's the idea behind diversion", continues Neal. "We now understand that reversing that negative identity and fostering a pro-social identity is crucial to positive outcomes.
Neal emphasised that, "Every interaction that a child has with a professional can help or hinder their positive identity development. It means that we need to reflect on everything we do in custody and resettlement - from behaviour management to interventions - through an identity lens."
Constructive Resettlement is central to custody and resettlement expectations in the standards for children in the youth justice system, which state that YOTs and secure establishments should provide plans that "set out the personal and structural support made available to support the child develop a pro-social identity".
The Youth Custody Service (YCS) has adopted constructive resettlement as its 'theory of change', underpinning its reform of culture and procedures inside all of its establishments. This month the YCS is holding a conference around how establishments can be more identity aware.
Meanwhile, the YJB is working with South and West Yorkshire resettlement consortium to establish a resettlement Pathfinder. "Pathfinders" are additional projects funded by the YJB, to improve aspects of the youth justice system, including resettlement. These projects are being run by frontline organisations, often in consortia. The pathfinder has already begun to explore innovative ways to apply Constructive Resettlement principles and offer support and advice to the sector. Watch this space for an interview with Trevor Woodhouse (who has recently been recruited to lead on the development of the Pathfinder and work with Jo Sykes, the Consortium Coordinator) to find out how they are getting on.
