The MHRA recently issued new guidance on how to recognise and respond to the signs of anaphylaxis, including the use of adrenaline auto-injectors (Epi-Pen and Jext products) which are prescribed to people at risk of anaphylaxis. The steps taken immediately in response to anaphylaxis can be the difference between life and death.
This comes as the most recent NHS figures show nearly 26,000 admissions in 2022-23 (25,721 admissions), more than double the 12,361 admissions in 2002-03 (a 108% increase).
For food-related anaphylaxis and other adverse reactions, the rise is even higher, going from just under 2,000 admissions twenty years ago (1,971 admissions) to over 5,000 last year (5,013 admissions, a 154% increase).
Anaphylaxis can be fatal and can develop suddenly at any age. These figures reflect the most serious allergy and anaphylaxis cases as they require patients to be fully admitted to hospital for further treatment/monitoring following a clinical assessment, rather than treated solely in an outpatient or emergency care setting.
People at risk of anaphylaxis should always carry two auto-injectors, regularly check they haven't expired and ensure they know how to use the brand prescribed to them.
By knowing how to prepare for and what to do in an emergency, for yourself or someone else, it is hoped that people with allergies will survive anaphylaxis with less serious consequences and reduce hospitalisations.
Laura Squire, MHRA Chief Officer for Healthcare Quality and Access, said:
These figures highlight just how serious the consequences of allergies can be, and the rising numbers of hospitalisations highlights the need to know how to act in an emergency.
Knowing how to use an adrenaline auto-injector and what to do afterwards is crucial when responding in an emergency, whether you're having the reaction yourself or helping someone else.
Anaphylaxis is scary for everyone involved and when it strikes, it's not easy to remember what the right steps are. That's why we want to encourage everyone to download our guidance now so they can be confident they're doing the right thing if they're ever in that situation.
Miss Wales Millie-Mae Adams, Medical Student at the University of Exeter and Allergy Awareness Advocate, said:
I have been one of those people lying in a hospital bed after a severe allergic reaction and I know how terrifying it can be.
These figures show that allergies are becoming more and more common, so it is vital that you know what to do if someone has a severe allergic reaction, even if you don't have an allergy. It is all our responsibility.
I want to encourage everyone to read the latest guidance and keep it with you, at work, out for dinner, on holiday, so that you are always prepared. It could save your life or someone else's.
Steps people should take in an anaphylaxis emergency
1. Use your AAI without delay
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If you have any signs of anaphylaxis, use your AAI immediately.
- Signs may include swelling in the throat or tongue, wheezing or breathing difficulty, dizziness, tiredness and confusion.
- If in doubt, use it.
2. Immediately dial 999
- Say anaphylaxis ("ana-fill-axis")
3. If you are not already lying down, then do so
- Lie down flat and raise your legs (if you're pregnant, lie on your left side). This will assist blood flow to the heart and vital organs.
- Stay lying down even if you feel better
4. Use your second AAI if you haven't improved after 5 minutes
- You should carry two AAIs at all times.
- Check the expiry dates. See a pharmacist if you need a replacement.
