Experts from Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago affirm the need to screen new fathers for mental distress, recognizing the mounting research that underscores the importance of fathers in child development. Their invited commentary, published in JAMA Pediatrics, accompanies a systematic review, which found that paternal depression, anxiety and stress in the perinatal period are associated with poorer child development in social, emotional, cognitive and language domains.
"Birth of a child can be highly stressful for both parents," said lead author Craig Garfield, MD, MAPP , pediatrician and founder of the Family & Child Health Innovations Program (FCHIP) at Lurie Children's, and Professor of Pediatrics and Medical Social Sciences at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "In the U.S., new mothers have been screened routinely for postpartum depression since 2010. We need to apply the same strategy to new fathers, since more and more studies like this one show that paternal mental health impacts child development and the wellbeing of an entire family."
In the U.S., 14 percent of fathers experience postpartum depression, which approximates the rates of maternal postpartum depression. However, men tend to minimize symptoms of mental distress, so this percentage might be an underestimate.
"As clinicians, we need to rethink how we approach new fathers," said Dr. Garfield. "We need to engage them throughout pregnancy and the perinatal period and normalize feelings of sadness or fear or anxiety that are common during this lifechanging event. Clinicians should discuss with fathers warning signs for depression to help them recognize when either parent might need help."
To better understand the experiences and needs of men as they enter fatherhood, Dr. Garfield helped develop and launch a first-of-its-kind public health survey tool for fathers called PRAMS (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System) for Dads . Started in Georgia, PRAMS for Dads will be operational in eight states by the end of 2025, with efforts ongoing to establish the system in more states.
"PRAMS for Dads helps us focus state resources on addressing the most pressing issues for new fathers," explained Dr. Garfield. "It also helps us further appreciate the impact fathers have on the health and wellbeing of children so we can better support them in adopting healthy behaviors."
Findings from Dr. Garfield's previous research using data from PRAMS for Dads revealed that fathers can make a huge difference in whether an infant is breastfed and placed to sleep safely.
Dr. Garfield recently participated in a three-day "Mapping the Future of Fatherhood in Australia" event, which was a culmination of his two months as a "Thinker in Residence" at Deakin University in Australia, where the authors of the current JAMA Pediatrics paper are based. His blog recounts this experience and the discussions on how to impact the health and wellbeing of fathers for the best outcomes for children.
In addition to Dr. Garfield, the commentary authors from Lurie Children's include Clarissa Simon, PhD, MPH , and John James Parker, MD . All are members of Lurie Children's Family & Child Health Innovations Program that produces an annual Father's Day report, which can be found here .
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago is a nonprofit organization committed to providing access to exceptional care for every child. It is the only independent, research-driven children's hospital in Illinois and one of less than 35 nationally. This is where the top doctors go to train, practice pediatric medicine, teach, advocate, research and stay up to date on the latest treatments. Exclusively focused on children, all Lurie Children's resources are devoted to serving their needs. Research at Lurie Children's is conducted through Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, which is focused on improving child health, transforming pediatric medicine and ensuring healthier futures through the relentless pursuit of knowledge. Lurie Children's is the pediatric training ground for Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. It is ranked as one of the nation's top children's hospitals by U.S. News & World Report.
