As unprecedented demographic shifts are reshaping societies and economies in Europe and Central Asia, countries must work towards making their labour markets more inclusive by increasing the participation of underrepresented groups in the workforce, according to a new policy brief released jointly by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).
The brief, titled "Demographic Change in Europe and Central Asia: A Call for Labour Force Inclusion" and launched on 10 November 2025, calls for coherent and coordinated actions to remove barriers that underrepresented groups such as women, older workers, youth, persons with disabilities, migrants and refugees face in accessing the labour market. It also stresses the necessity to create decent work opportunities and supportive environments across the life course, through access to education, healthcare, decent work, and anti-discrimination measures.
While Central Asia continues to experience youth-driven population growth, with a rising share of working-age people offering significant economic potential, many European countries are grappling with shrinking and ageing workforces, as fertility rates are low and populations become older.
By investing in policies that empower older workers, we can turn demographic change into an opportunity for growth, inclusion, and resilience,
Tatiana Molcean, UNECE Executive Secretary
Building inclusive labour markets is fundamental to turning demographic change into opportunity. Through social dialogue and rights-based policies, we can ensure access to decent work for all,
Beate Andrees, ILO Regional Director for Europe and Central Asia.
Expanding participation of women, youth, persons with disabilities, and other underrepresented groups is essential to address labour shortages and foster social cohesion through inclusive, sustainable growth amid demographic change.
Florence Bauer, UNFPA Regional Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia
The joint brief reflects the shared commitment of ILO, UNECE, and UNFPA to support countries in harnessing demographic change for sustainable development, equality, and resilience, leaving no one behind.
