New research from the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) explores how and why men choose to stop engaging with online misogynistic incel communities, and how this affected their attitudes towards gendered violence.
An 'incel' (short for 'involuntarily celibate') is a member of an online subculture - primarily heterosexual men - who describe themselves as unable to form desired romantic or sexual relationships. These communities often feature misogyny, misanthropy and self loathing, with some participants blaming women and feminism for their perceived rejection.
The report, Disengagement from online misogynistic incel communities and its implications for attitudes to gendered violence, examines the experiences of men who formerly participated in online forums that promote hostility towards women. Many respondents reported entering these spaces as teenagers, often when struggling with isolation, rejection, or declining mental health.
The study finds that these online forums, which present themselves as sources of support, frequently deepen hopelessness and encourage misogynistic attitudes. Some participants described exposure to extremist rhetoric, worsening depression and echo chamber environments that normalised anger towards women and, in some cases, condoned violence.
Despite these harms, the research shows that disengagement from these forums is possible. Men most commonly left after becoming disillusioned with the negativity and hostility within these communities, or after forming healthier social connections through friendships, partners, education, hobbies or work. While many developed more positive attitudes towards women after disengaging, others showed limited attitudinal change, underscoring the need for targeted support.
AIC Deputy Director, Dr Rick Brown, said the findings demonstrate the importance of early intervention and strong social support systems.
"This research shows how isolated young men can be drawn into online spaces that amplify misogyny and deepen loneliness. Understanding these pathways can help inform strategies to support reengagement in the community and reduce the risk of gendered violence," Dr Brown said.
"Strengthening social connections, improving mental wellbeing and promoting media literacy are critical to preventing harm and offering alternatives to these toxic online environments."
The AIC, as part of their Family, Domestic and Sexual Violence Research Program, publishes a range of research that provides a valuable contribution to evidence-based policy making.
Last year, the AIC also published research that highlights the need for dating apps to protect Australians against sexual predators. This was prompted by the popularity of online dating platforms and a surge in users experiencing dating app‑facilitated sexual violence.
If you or someone you know is impacted by sexual assault, domestic or family violence, call 1800RESPECT
