National Greenhouse Gas Inventory

The report shows emissions were 444.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO₂-e) in the year to September 2025, a decrease of 1.9% (8.5 Mt CO₂-e) compared with the previous year. At the sector level, year-on-year changes include:

• Decreased electricity emissions (down 3.1%; 4.8 Mt CO₂-e), reflecting record renewables generation and the ongoing displacement of coal.
• Decreased fugitive emissions (down 3.8%; 1.8 Mt CO₂-e), mainly due to reductions in natural gas venting emissions and new carbon capture and storage activities, as well as a decline in production from underground coal mining.
• Decreased emissions in stationary energy (excluding electricity) (down 1.7%; 1.7 Mt CO₂ e), reflecting decreased combustion activity, including for residential gas use.
• Decreased emissions from agriculture (down 0.1%; 0.1 Mt CO₂-e), mainly due to lower grazing cattle and sheep numbers partially offset by increased emissions from cropping.
• Decreased emissions from transport (down 0.4%; 0.4 Mt CO₂-e), mainly driven by a decrease in petrol consumption for road transport, partially offset by increased road transport diesel consumption and domestic aviation activity.
• Increased emissions from industrial processes and product use (up 2.1%; 0.6 Mt CO₂ e), primarily due to increased production of metals.

Emissions in the year to September 2025 were 27.4% below September 2005 levels (the base year for Australia's 43% reduction by 2030 target under the Paris Agreement).