New research led by experts from The University of Manchester's Institute of Education has shed important light on how the mental wellbeing of young people is affected by the neighbourhoods they live in.
Analysing #BeeWell survey data from more than 26,000 young people across Greater Manchester, the study examined how young people's mental wellbeing evolves over time with a particular focus on life satisfaction and emotional difficulties, providing crucial insights for policymakers aiming to improve young people's lives.
The researchers used advanced longitudinal methods to identify distinct 'trajectories' of change in mental health. While young people living in more deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to experience persistently low or deteriorating life satisfaction, they were less likely to report mild levels of emotional difficulties compared to peers in more affluent areas.
This means that for young people in disadvantaged areas, their overall happiness and contentment with life are more likely to be poor, but their risk of experiencing negative thoughts, feelings and emotions may be the same or even less than those in more affluent areas.
The study also highlighted that specific neighbourhood-level factors (such as housing affordability, access to green space, environmental quality) influence young peoples' wellbeing outcomes. These environmental characteristics, grouped under the domain "Housing, Space, and Environment", reduced the likelihood young people in deprived areas experience either persistently low life satisfaction or mild emotional difficulties.
"Our findings complicate the common narrative that adolescent mental health universally worsens over time," said Dr Christopher Knowles, lead author and researcher at the Manchester Institute of Education. "Although many young people in disadvantaged areas report lower life satisfaction, they do not necessarily experience greater emotional distress. In fact, some characteristics of disadvantaged neighbourhoods appear to buffer the broader impact of socio-economic deprivation."
"This research provides a clear roadmap for change, underscoring that where a young person lives really matters," said co-author Dr Emma Thornton. "Policymakers should prioritise proactive, upstream investments in affordable housing, improving local green spaces, and boosting accessible community support schemes. These interventions can make a tangible difference, helping to prevent mental health issues before they escalate and reducing long-term burdens on vital services."
