The United Nations has sounded the alarm over Sudan's spiralling crisis, warning that deadly attacks in El Fasher, the collapse of essential services, and mass displacement are pushing millions in Darfur and beyond closer to catastrophe.
According to local reports, heavy shelling and assaults late last week in El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur state, killed at least six civilians and injured scores more, triggering fresh displacement from the already besieged city.
Sudan has been roiled in a brutal civil war between rival militaries - the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and affiliated militias. Thousands of civilians have been killed, villages and farmlands destroyed, and nearly 12 million people driven from their homes - over four million as refugees into neighbouring countries.
The country also risks becoming the world's largest hunger crisis in recent history as infrastructure, trade routes and supply chains lie in ruins. Famine has already been confirmed in the Zamzam camp - which once sheltered hundreds of thousands of civilians - and many more areas are at risk.
Essential services collapsing
Humanitarians warn that essential services are breaking down. Water trucking to the only functioning hospital was suspended over the weekend and community kitchens shut down after running out of food.
Without urgent support, they warn that the most vulnerable people could face severe hunger within days.
Across Darfur, hospitals remain under immense strain.
Nearly 100 wounded people, including women and children, were admitted to medical facilities in a single day last week, with several pronounced dead on arrival, according to reports from the medical charity Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF - Doctors Without Borders).
Survivors who managed to escape El Fasher described "unbearable" conditions in the city, which has endured more than a year of siege by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied groups.
Rising civilian toll
Drone strikes on 10 September hit multiple locations across Darfur, injuring scores.
A strike landed just four kilometres (about 2.5 miles) from an MSF-supported hospital in Central Darfur, forcing staff to activate a mass casualty plan. The following day, two more strikes struck Nyala in South Darfur, reportedly killing at least four people, including a child.
The fighting is not confined to Darfur. In Khartoum, RSF airstrikes on 9 September damaged a power station, causing a blackout in parts of the capital and disrupting critical hospital equipment and services.
Disasters add to misery
Meanwhile, Sudan is grappling with natural disasters on top of conflict.
A landslide triggered by heavy rains on 31 August in Sharg Aj Jabal, near the Central and South Darfur border, killed an estimated 400 people, half of them children, according to local reports.
Furthermore, over 4,000 people were displaced and 550 homes destroyed in Aj Jazirah state in flash floods last week.
Call to action
The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ( OCHA ) stressed that civilians remain at the epicentre of the violence.
"[We] once again call for an immediate cessation of hostilities, protection of civilians, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access, and increased international support to sustain life-saving operations across Sudan," the Office said.
In Khartoum, OCHA reported some improvements in restoring basic services and security. Yet more than 800,000 people who have returned to the capital in recent months still urgently need assistance to rebuild their lives.
Political efforts
On the political front, the Secretary-General's Personal Envoy for Sudan, Ramtane Lamamra, is currently in Port Sudan after concluding consultations in Nairobi.
According to UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric, Mr. Lamamra has held "very constructive engagements" with Sudanese stakeholders across the spectrum as well as key international interlocutors.
"These discussions will help lay the groundwork necessary to support an inclusive process that can deliver a sustainable solution that preserves Sudan's sovereignty, its unity and its territorial integrity," Mr. Dujarric said.
He added that the UN also looks forward to working closely with regional partners, including the African Union, the east African regional bloc Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), and the League of Arab States, to restart efforts toward an intra-Sudanese dialogue.
