A new cooling vest for sports athletes may ensure everyone can compete safely in sweltering summer conditions such as the upcoming 2020 Summer Olympics, reports a new paper published in Frontiers in Physiology.
Push it to the limit. Hasegawa and Yudai Chaen (lead author of the paper) measure the heart rate, sweat rate, muscle activity and temperature of the athlete while exercising in a hot and humid environment (35C at 50% humidity). CREDIT: Can only be used with attribution to Hiroshima University
Strategies to cope with body heat in sports is a pressing issue. The Tokyo Olympics will be held in the hot and muggy Japanese summer where the ambient temperature is expected to be above 33°C. Athletes have to worry about performing under pressure of the high-stakes competition but also now have to deal with a very hot and humid climate. The 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar will also have high temperatures and athletes must use cooling strategies during the competition. Professor Hiroshi Hasegawa of the Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University says that this is an increasing problem for athletes due to both competition timing and increased temperatures due to global warming.
Illness due to heat can have serious consequences outlines Hasegawa:
"Because our body temperature is usually around 37°C, if your body temperature increases over 40°C that is a very big problem."
Dehydration, decreased performance and decreased brain function are the dangers faced when our core body temperature climbs too high.
To help combat this, researchers from Hiroshima University collaborated with a Japanese sportswear company Mizuno to test a new type of cooling vest. The cooling vest is filled with ice packs and features a collar that can also cool the neck. The aim of the vest is to cool the athletes' upper-body skin which can decrease heart rate and temperature of their neck and skin.
The cooling vest. When ice-packs are placed in the vest worn by an athlete after exercise skin temperature and heart rate decrease CREDIT: Can only be used with attribution to Hiroshima University
Hasegawa recruited athletes from the Hiroshima University football team to test the vest. Participants exercised for 30 minutes followed by 15 minutes of rest, with and without the cooling vest, then exercised for a final 30 minutes in a format similar to a soccer match. The athletes who wore the vest at half-time showed increased performance in the second half. They also said that they felt more comfortable in the second half, an important factor as comfort and relaxation during half time is important to avoid stress during a game.
This research is not just applicable to athletes but to people that exercise in hot conditions. If you don't have access to a cooling vest Hasegawa suggests a combination of external and internal cooling:
"Normally to avoid the heat illness it's better not to do any exercise. But if you have to exercise in the heat it's better not to drink water, it's better to drink sports drink because they contain electrolytes and some energy… Cooling your body is very important, especially the upper body."
says Hasegawa.
In the future Hasegawa would like to test this technology with people with disabilities who might find it more difficult to regulate body temperature.
Reference article: Chaen Y, Onitsuka S and Hasegawa H (2019) Wearing a Cooling Vest During Half-Time Improves Intermittent Exercise in the Heat. Front. Physiol. 10:711. DOI: doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00711
