Infrequent exercise is associated with a higher prevalence of common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety among higher-education students in Norway, according to a study published August 19, 2026, in the open access journal PLOS One by Michael Grasdalsmoen from Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, and colleagues. The findings highlight the potential value of consistent physical activity rather than intense, prolonged exercise sessions.
Common mental disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide in young adults. The transition to higher education is a particularly vulnerable period, underscoring the importance of identifying modifiable protective factors during this developmental stage. Physical inactivity remains pervasive among young adults, even though past research has suggested that regular exercise is associated with better mental health. However, relatively few studies have examined prospective associations between physical exercise and the later development of common mental disorders using standardized diagnostic instruments.
To overcome this limitation, Grasdalsmoen and colleagues conducted a prospective study to examine associations between physical activity and subsequent anxiety and depression. The participants included in the final analysis were 10,460 full-time, higher-education Norwegian students who were aged 18–35 years. They completed questionnaires that assessed exercise frequency, intensity, duration, and total weekly hours at baseline, in addition to a self-administered diagnostic instrument one year later.
The results revealed that lower levels of physical exercise were associated with a higher risk of clinically defined common mental disorders 1 year later. In particular, associations were more consistent for exercise frequency compared with intensity or duration. Low exercise intensity predicted anxiety and depression among women, whereas shorter weekly exercise duration was a stronger risk factor among men. The probability of common mental disorders declined as the total amount of exercise increased, up to approximately 10 hours per week.
In addition, the study provided support for meeting the World Health Organization recommendation of at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week.
Overall, the findings suggest that consistent engagement in exercise, rather than intensity or duration, may be particularly important for curbing anxiety and depression among higher-education students. Although causality cannot be established from the observational study, encouraging regular exercise may represent a beneficial component of broader strategies to support student mental health, especially for individuals with emerging or subthreshold symptoms.
The authors add: "Our findings show that students who engage in regular physical exercise are at lower risk of developing common mental disorders over time. These findings highlight the importance of making physical activity an accessible and natural part of student life."
"Mental health among students is a growing public health concern. Our findings suggest that supporting students to be physically active may contribute to better mental health and should be recognized as an important part of a healthy learning environment."
In your coverage, please use this URL to provide access to the freely available article in PLOS One: https://plos.io/4wwXhAB
Citation: Grasdalsmoen M, Johannsson E, Hysing M, Sivertsen B (2026) Physical exercise and risk of common mental disorders among higher education students: A national prospective study. PLoS One 21(8): e0353787. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0353787
Author countries: Norway, Iceland.
Funding: The SHoT study received financial support from the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (2017) and the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services (2016). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
