Archaeology and cutting-edge science have come together to unlock secrets and rewrite stories of the Lancaster district's ancient past.
Human remains dating back thousands of years have been brought out of the stores of Lancaster City Museums - up to a hundred years after they were first discovered - with some being re-analysed in collaboration with a team of experts from Lancaster University.
The result of this, together with knowledge gained from previous scientific analysis to reveal history, is 'Life After Death', a new exhibition at Lancaster Maritime Museum which opens on Saturday December 13.
Professor Adam Taylor, Dr Jemma Kerns, Dr Nai-Hao Yin and Twezher Gurdji from Lancaster Medical School helped to examine some of the museum's archaeological samples for the exhibition using Raman spectroscopy - a powerful tool which uses laser light to reveal the chemical makeup of materials.
Professor Taylor said: "This project shows how important archaeological and historical museum samples are in modern science. Novel techniques such as these reveal new information about the aspects of individual's lives and health through their mineralised tissues."
The technology was used on some of the museum's archived teeth and confirms whether remains were cremated or buried, offering up fresh opportunities to confirm burial practices, date sites, and get a new perspective on ancient rituals and beliefs.
Dr Jemma Kerns, Senior Lecturer, Lancaster Medical School said "We were really pleased to be able to apply our knowledge in Raman spectroscopy to learn more about archaeological samples. Raman spectroscopy particularly lends itself to studying precious and rare artefacts and remains because it can analyse them without causing any damage."
Raman spectroscopy enables visitors to come face-to-face with bones and artefacts from local digs, in displays looking at how scientific technologies have revealed secrets buried for thousands of years and shaped our understanding of local history - each with its own remarkable tale.
One of the exhibits includes teeth from the Manor Farm Bronze Age burial site, which after undergoing Raman analysis, helped to confirm how the site was used and that there were cremations at the site, confirming that this technique can reveal important information about archaeological materials.
The exhibition also features Vicarage Field in Lancaster, once thought to be medieval, but revealed as part of a mighty Roman fort from the 4th century thanks to decades of meticulous scientific archaeology.
Bones of arctic hares and lemmings from Dog Holes in Warton, a cave that served as a burial site from the Stone Age right through to Romano-British times, have revealed just how cold the climate once was around Lancaster.
There are also bones and artefacts from Dog Hole in Haverbrack - the largest Romano-British burial site in the Northwest - where at least 33 individuals were uncovered from unborn babies to people over 50 years. The use of isotope analysis has helped to better understand the diet and gender of the remains found.
Rachel Roberts, the Collections Registrar at Lancaster City Museums, said: "It will never be possible to completely know the people that lived and died hundreds or thousands of years ago, but as techniques develop with each new generation, we are able to find out more about them or reconsider what we thought we knew."
Councillor Sam Riches, Lancaster City Council member with responsibility for museums, said: "This project began as a collaboration between the museum and university researchers exploring new applications for Raman technology. This exciting project focused on local historic remains and opens doors for future discoveries worldwide.
"A clear chemical difference between cremated and buried teeth was found, paving the way for future research, and proving that museum collections are vital resources for research.
"This kind of exhibition is important for our local community as it reminds us that our understandings of the past are not static. It shows how assumptions about our history can be wrong, and that by returning to these historical questions with enhanced perspectives and cutting-edge technologies we can reveals new aspects of the past and reveal fresh insights about the people who lived here long before us."
The exhibition opens on December 13.
