The New York-based media freedom organisation, the Committee to Protect Journalists, is scrupulous with its words. So, when the organisation described the killing of six Palestinian journalists in an Israeli air strike as " murder ", the word was a carefully considered choice.
Author
- Peter Greste
Professor of Journalism and Communications, Macquarie University
The CPJ defines "murder" as the "deliberate killing of journalists for their work".
Why were the journalists targeted?
Israeli authorities said they were targeting one man - a 28-year-old Al Jazeera reporter named Anas al-Sharif - who they said was the leader of a Hamas "cell". They also accused him of "advancing rocket attacks against Israeli civilians and (Israeli) troops."
Israel made no claims about the other five; three of them were al-Sharif's Al Jazeera colleagues and the other two were freelance journalists.
In a post on X, an Israeli military spokesman said:
Prior to the strike, we obtained current intelligence indicating that Sharif was an active Hamas military wing operative at the time of his elimination.
The evidence the Israeli authorities claimed to have was circumstantial at best: "personnel rosters, lists of terrorist training courses, phone directories and salary documents."
Israeli military spokesperson Avichay Adraee also posted undated photos on X that appeared to show al-Sharif in an embrace with Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas mastermind of the October 2023 attack on Israel .
Israel says it has further classified evidence that includes more damning detail.
Without seeing it all, it is impossible to verify the claims but the photograph itself is hardly proof.
Front-line journalists (myself included) will have selfies with those they have interviewed, including some very unpleasant characters.
Many will have phone numbers of extremists - they will appear in call logs and records of meetings.
None of it is evidence of anything other than a well-connected reporter doing their job.
Of course, Israel may well be right. Despite the vigorous denials from Al Jazeera, it is still possible al-Sharif was working for Hamas. And if he was, the Israeli authorities should have no problem allowing independent investigators complete access to verify the claims and settle the matter.
The horrors of covering war
But the strike also fits a disturbing pattern. With 190 media workers now killed since the October 7 attacks, this is the deadliest conflict for journalists since the CPJ began keeping records.
While some of the victims were inevitably caught in the violence along with so many other civilians, many of them died in rocket strikes aimed squarely at their homes, their clearly marked vehicles, or while they were wearing body armour labelled "PRESS".
In all, the CPJ has identified 24 journalists who appeared to have been targeted - murdered, in the group's words - specifically because of their work.
The number may well be far higher but those figures alone raise disturbing questions about Israel's tolerance for critical media reporting. They also demand answers from independent investigators.
We receive horrific reports from Gaza daily, but Israel repeatedly dismisses them as Hamas propaganda.
"A terrorist is a terrorist, even if Al Jazeera gives him a press badge", the Israeli foreign ministry posted on social media .
If Israel believes the journalism from Palestinian reporters is nothing more than Hamas propaganda, the solution is straightforward: let foreign correspondents in.
Despite the risks, journalists want access
It is worth recalling the reason we cherish media freedom is not because we want to privilege a particular class of individual. It is because we recognise the vital importance accurate, independent reporting plays in informing public debate.
Without it, we are blind and deaf.
International news organisations have repeatedly called for access to Gaza. Now, a group of more than 1,000 international journalists have signed a petition demanding to be let in ( I am one of the signatories ).
Israel has so far refused. The government says it cannot guarantee their security in such an active battlefield. But that cannot be justification alone.
All those who have signed the petition know well the risks of reporting from hostile environments. Many have crossed active war front lines themselves. Most have friends who have died in other conflicts. Some have been wounded, arrested or kidnapped themselves.
None are naive to the dangers and all are committed to the principles behind media freedom.
Calling for foreign journalists to be let into Gaza is not to deny the extraordinary sacrifice of Anas al-Sharif or any of the other Palestinians who have been killed while doing their jobs.
Rather, it is to assert the importance of the fundamental right of all - the right to information. That applies as much in Gaza as it does in Ukraine, or Russia, or Sudan, or any other crisis where the public needs accurate, reliable information to support good policy.
Peter Greste is a professor of journalism at Macquarie University, and the Executive Director for the Alliance for Journalists' Freedom. He also worked as a BBC correspondent in Gaza in 2007, and as an Africa correspondent for Al Jazeera from 2011 to 2015.
