The recent decision by a Spanish court granting custody of a seven-year-old girl to her father, despite allegations of sexual abuse against him, places the child at grave risk and appears to be a miscarriage of justice, UN experts* said today.
"We are deeply concerned that this is not an isolated problem, as we continue to receive information on cases in Spain and other countries of mothers losing custody, and sometimes even facing prison, for attempting to protect their children from abusive fathers," the experts said.
Children in Spain continue to be exposed to risk of violence and sexual abuse by a judicial system that appears to favour male parents in custody cases, even in cases where there is a history of domestic violence or evidence of abuse against children and their mothers.
The experts expressed concern at the case of Diana García M. who recently lost custody of her child after a decision by a court of Pozuelo de Alarcón was confirmed by a higher court in February 2022. Despite a history of domestic violence and evidence suggesting he had committed sexual abuse against his daughter for years, the appeals court determined that the father did not pose a risk to the child and granted him full custody.
"We call for urgent measures to protect the daughter of Ms. Diana García M. from serious risk of additional harm, and for more comprehensive measures to be adopted to prevent the continued misapplication of the law," the UN experts said.
The decision by the appeals court in Ms. García's case contravenes international norms, and the jurisprudence of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in the case Ángela González Carreño vs. Spain of 2014, , as well as the resulting sentence of its own Supreme Tribunal of 2018, the experts noted. Legislation in Spain prevents granting joint custody in cases of gender-based violence.
"In this case, ignoring the evidence of sexual abuse against the child, and of gender-based violence against the mother, and granting custody to the father is clearly not in the best interest of the child - a core obligation under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child," the experts said.
The court also argued that maintaining the custody of the child with the mother would risk further damaging the relationship between daughter and father, as Ms. García would be "inducing in the child the belief that her father is evil".
"Such reasoning clearly derives from the use of the pseudo theory of parental alienation, despite its application being banned in Spain by a 2021 law", the experts said. Parental alienation, while lacking credible scientific support, reflects the belief that when a child fears or avoids a parent, it is due to the other parent's influence, rather than the child's own experiences.
UN experts have previously called on Spain's Government to do more to protect children from domestic violence and sexual abuse, ensure its courts overcome biases against women, and apply a gender-sensitive, child-centered approach.
