New South Wales and Queensland grain growers are being urged to 'walk through paddocks' to check for signs of mouse activity and crop damage to determine the need for on-going baiting applications this winter.
Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC)-supported mouse researcher Steve Henry from Australia's national science agency, CSIRO, said cold and wet weather may have reduced mouse populations, but it was critical to monitor paddocks regularly and be ready to bait.
The CSIRO researcher is concerned that in some areas, mice may have taken refuge and be 'wintering' in pasture paddocks, native vegetation or waterways bordering farming country, and may move back in as crops develop.
"In the north of NSW and in southern Queensland we went into winter with high numbers, so the over winter survival rates will determine the starting population for spring," Mr Henry said.
"So it is imperative growers get out of their vehicles, walk into their paddocks and get a good feel for what is going on in respect to current mouse numbers and activity."
The experienced researcher is concerned the population pattern could follow what happened in the 2010-2011 outbreak in western Victoria, where there were anecdotal reports of mouse populations plateauing or declining through the winter and rebounding the following spring with significant damage to the ripening crops.
So he is warning growers to remain vigilant about checking for signs of active burrows or crop damage.
"In cereals this may be chewing at the node or stem. In canola and legume crops, growers should be inspecting flowers and pods for damage," Mr Henry said.
"Mouse numbers are likely to be patchy given paddock history, so it is important to look in multiple locations.
"At the first sign of crop damage, growers need to be prepared to bait, preferably with 50g/kg zinc phosphide spread at 1kg/ha. Aim to treat large areas to have a better chance of widespread impact and reduce reinvasion from surrounding areas."
Mr Henry said controlling mouse populations during late winter and early spring would effectively reduce the number of mice when breeding started in September.
"If conditions are favourable – mice need food, shelter and moisture to thrive – the rate of population increase can be dramatic," he said.
"Mice start breeding when they are six weeks old, and litters of six to 10 pups are born every 19 to 21 days.
"So early detection and timely application of bait at the prescribed rate is critical for reducing the impact mice have on crops."
Mr Henry also offered the following advice:
- Do not bait ahead of a significant forecast rain event. Ideally bait should be applied where there is a forecast for at least three to four dry days.
- Put mouse bait out before other pest/nutrient treatments. This gives mice the chance to encounter zinc phosphide bait before they discover any other new substances in a paddock and reduces the likelihood of a sub-lethal dose being consumed and therefore bait aversion.
- Do not mix mouse bait with snail/slug bait and do not apply mouse bait with a surface application of urea. Zinc phosphide can be scraped off the surface of the treated grain when agitated with other substances.
- Bait on the ground is more likely to be taken before mice climb plants to eat developing seed heads.
- Co-ordinate baiting strategies with your neighbours for area-wide management and highest impact.
GRDC has produced mouse chew cards which are a highly effective yet simple tool to measure activity in the paddock. These can be downloaded along with more information about mouse control at the GRDC Mouse Control page.
Mr Henry also encourages growers and advisers to report and map regional mouse activity using the MouseAlert website.
Despite considerable past and present investment ($6.9 million) in mouse-related research, development and extension (RD&E), the GRDC recognises that mice continue to be a key constraint across the Australian cropping regions.
Studies have included searching for new tools and active ingredients, bait application strategies and ongoing monitoring and surveillance. Further investment in mouse-related RD&E is being undertaken to provide growers with new management tools and strategies for mouse management in the future.
