The future of navigation might rely not on satellites but on sub-atomic particles.
Defence scientists are working on cutting-edge quantum technologies that could one day provide the Navy with highly secure, satellite-independent navigation and timing systems.
Looking for a way to avoid the threat of Global Positioning System (GPS) signal interference gives Nicole Blaess a clear sense of purpose.
"What I love about quantum is the mystery around it," Mrs Blaess said. "Every day that I come into work, working in the lab, solving a piece of the puzzle, brings us closer to finding a solution that helps improve the safety of our warfighters."
Mrs Blaess works on quantum-secured time transfer, a way of sending ultra-precise timing signals using packets of light that - thanks to quantum entanglement and the laws of quantum mechanics - is inherently secure from interference.
The very act of attempting to measure entangled particles immediately disturbs the quantum state, meaning ships at sea could use this technology to detect inconsistencies in their navigation data.
"One of my big motivators is to translate really obscure science, like quantum mechanics, and build technologies people use and benefit from," Mrs Blaess said. "That's what I really love about STEM."
Defence scientist Ben Sparkes said quantum was a fascinating field to work in, with many opportunities to build a rewarding career, as the technology is rapidly moving from the lab to real-world applications.
'Australia really punches above its weight in terms of impact for quantum science compared to the rest of the world.'
"We've got quantum-sensing and quantum-computing companies that need people to work for them; quantum-skilled professionals to come and develop that technology of the future," Dr Sparkes said.
One such technology is the quantum clock, which uses the movement of atoms to measure time extremely precisely, and could potentially form the basis of a self-contained navigation system.
When paired with data from motion sensors that track a vessel's direction and speed, this information could allow ships to determine their position without relying on GPS.
Defence Science and Technology Group is focused on moving these innovations from lab-based experiments to robust, portable systems suitable for use by the Australian Defence Force.
"We work with key experts in quantum technology around the country, and they do amazing work," Dr Sparkes said.
"Australia really punches above its weight in terms of impact for quantum science compared to the rest of the world."
Defence is celebrating National Science Week from August 9-17. This year's theme is 'Decoding the Universe - Exploring the unknown with nature's hidden language'.
The United Nations has named 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, marking 100 years since the birth of quantum mechanics and the start of a revolution in physics.
