New research led by The University of Manchester has outlined a more equitable way to plan the transition to low-carbon energy systems that reduces regional disparities in access to energy and water services.
As nations around the world aim to meet climate targets set by the Paris Agreement, the researchers highlight that without careful planning, effort to cut emissions could unintentionally maintain or widen existing regional gaps in access to services, such as how energy and water are distributed.
To help address this, the team have developed a framework, published in the journal Nature Communications, which uses artificial intelligence tools combined with detailed country-scale digital twin simulators to help identify infrastructure intervention plans that reduce emissions while fairly managing access to vital services like electricity and water, and improving food production.
The approach aims to help achieve sustainability and climate targets, particularly in countries with complicated interdependencies between sectors and inequitable access to services. It helps ensure that no region or community is left behind in the journey to net zero and supports UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Using a case study of Ghana, the research shows that reaching a fairer, low-carbon energy transition will not only require increased investments in renewable energy and transmission infrastructure but also more informed social, economic, and environmental planning. Countries must consider who benefits from infrastructure investments - not just how much carbon they cut.
This research was published in the journal Nature Communications.
Full title: Delivering equity in low-carbon multisector infrastructure planning
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59738-7
