The environment and nature of the work of foreign correspondents has significantly changed in recent years under the influence of the digital revolution, which has also enabled them to reach wider audiences than ever before. Foreign correspondents are nowadays increasingly diverse, with more women, and more local and freelance journalists. While foreign correspondents were historically thought of as foreigners reporting to foreign audiences, more and more of them are local journalists serving external media.
Like many of their fellow journalists, foreign correspondents are affected by growing hostility and violence towards the press, including gender-based violence and harassment against women journalists as well as killings. They also face specific threats and a particular brand of political hostility, as they are at times branded as foreign agents who spread disinformation or as threats to national security. In some countries, they are blocked from obtaining accreditation or visas, and may even be expelled to deter scrutiny and reporting on elections, public protests along with political and social issues. These kinds of measures have been particularly visible during the COVID-19 crisis.
Launching the report, the UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information Tawfik Jelassi stressed the essential role played by foreign correspondents in upholding media plurality:
Foreign correspondents, through their cross-border investigations and reporting, ensure that a diversity of voices and issues are reflected in the news. Through this, they contribute to the plurality of the media, as enshrined in the 1991 Windhoek Declaration and in the Windhoek+30 Declaration, adopted earlier this year on the occasion of its 30th anniversary. I call on all relevant stakeholders to renew their commitment to the safety of foreign correspondents and of all media workers.
Tawfik Jelassi, UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information
Reflecting on these issues, William Horsley, International Director of the University of Sheffield's Centre for Freedom of the Media and co-author of this report, stated:
Threats faced by journalists who report across international borders represent an existential challenge to people's right to live in free and democratic societies. State authorities, lawmakers and civil society actors everywhere must ensure that breaches of international rules protecting the safety and work of journalists have real-life consequences. This is one of the most urgent tasks of our time.
William Horsley, co-author of the report
The report likewise underlines foreign correspondents' contribution to transnational investigations about crime, corruption and injustice through cross-border collaborations, such as the 2016 Panama Papers. This contribution was emphasized by Meera Selva, Deputy Director of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford and co-author of the report:
Much of the most impactful journalism in recent years has crossed borders. Journalists have exposed international surveillance operations, drug cartels with a global reach and cross border corruption And since organized crime and corruption networks operate with little regard for national borders, journalists pursuing a story in one jurisdiction may face deadly threats from beyond its borders.
Meera Selva, co-author of the report
The report also includes sets of recommendations for concerned stakeholders such as news consumers and civil society, media organizations and journalists, along with States. They notably include: the provision of emergency visas for journalists at serious risk, prioritizing the implementation of international norms and standards, reviewing and revising national laws when necessary, removing restrictions on reporting and research seen as critical of governments, and collaborating with UN bodies and civil society to develop independent monitoring.
The report is an issue brief in the UNESCO Series on World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development.
