Despite being one of the most common spinal surgeries, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, a type of treatment for forms of degenerative disc disease, is a major procedure that sometimes fails in certain high-risk patients and situations. Doctors with Baylor College of Medicine and Baylor Medicine's Spine Center, as well as Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center are now part of the FUSE study, a multicenter clinical trial working to find a tissue-sparing approach to increase the success rate of neck fusion surgery to treat nerve compression and neck pain.
Degenerative disc disease is a condition that causes pain because the discs that usually provide cushion in the spine have worn away due to age or injury. The pain can radiate down the neck, shoulder and arms. Sometimes, bone spurs or a disc herniation can result, causing nerve or spinal cord compression that can be disabling. The common treatment is to remove the disc and bone spurs from the front of the neck and then have the two adjacent vertebrae fuse together - an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).
"An ACDF decompresses the spine, then permanently fuses the bones together to reduce continued degeneration," said Dr. David Xu, assistant professor of neurosurgery at Baylor and surgeon with Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center. "The surgery requires a small incision through the front of the neck and is successful more than 95% of the time when treating a single level of the vertebra."
However, when treating high-risk patients such as those with diabetes, kidney disease or osteoporosis, or when needing to fuse multiple levels, failure is more common. According to Xu, "fusion failure can sometimes exceed 20 percent when three or more discs need treatment."
