Dogs enrich our lives at every stage, but their golden years call for extra special care. Accredited canine behaviourist, expert force-free trainer and bestselling author Sarah Rutten explains how a dog's needs evolve with age and why respecting those changes matters most.
Sarah says that senior dogs often face physical and cognitive changes that affect how they move, behave, and interact with their world. These shifts aren't always obvious at first, but over time, they can change how a dog responds to everyday situations.
"Arthritis, dental pain or vision and hearing loss can creep in gradually, so what can look like 'grumpiness' might actually be discomfort," she says. "If your senior dog seems less tolerant, slower to rise, or reluctant to play, it could be pain talking.
"Alongside physical changes, some senior dogs can also develop Canine Cognitive Dysfunction, which is similar to Alzheimer's in humans. It can show up as confusion, disrupted sleep patterns, or changes in how they interact with others.
"It's so important to recognise changes in your dog's demeanour early, and work with your vet to help your furry friend stay comfortable and happy as they age."
Sarah emphasises that caring for senior dogs isn't just about managing their physical health; it's just as important to keep their minds active as their bodies slow down.
"Senior dogs still need to be physically and mentally stimulated, and something as simple as a slow walk with plenty of time to sniff can provide plenty of enrichment," she says. "Puzzle toys and snuffle mats are other fantastic ways to keep them engaged."
Sarah also explains that older dogs are still capable of learning, and in fact, this stage of life is when positive reinforcement becomes even more important.
"We've all heard the saying, 'you can't teach an old dog new tricks,' but I see proof every day that you can," she says. "The key is to keep sessions short, positive and fun. Use lots of treats, lots of praise, and incorporate games they enjoy."
"These sessions will help build their confidence and give them a sense of purpose, even as their physical abilities begin to change."
She adds that for dogs experiencing cognitive decline, maintaining familiar routines is critical.
"Consistency really matters at this stage, and reinforcing simple cues not only keeps their skills fresh but can also ease confusion and anxiety," she says. "The structure of familiar cues and routines helps senior dogs feel safe and supported."
Health and Wellbeing Tips for Older Dogs
As dogs change and age, Sarah says their health practices must also. Here are Sarah's top tips:
Regular vet check-ups aren't just for treating problems, but also to identify them early. Work with your vet to provide your senior dog with pain relief, if needed.
Consider adjusting their diet to lighter, easily digestible foods. Chat with your vet to explore supplements to support joint health or digestion.
Exercise should be low-impact, like swimming, short leisurely walks or hydrotherapy.
Prioritise rest with a warm, supportive bed in a quiet area of your home to help your senior pup get the downtime they need.
Most importantly, Sarah notes the key takeaway when caring for dogs as they get older. "Above all, senior dogs need your love and inclusion in family life. Their need for connection and companionship never diminishes."
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