A recent study published in the journal Nature Scientific Reports reveals a surprising discovery in the fight against one of the most destructive coral diseases in the Atlantic and Caribbean: high sea surface temperatures may slow down the spread of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD).
First reported off the coast of Miami in 2014, SCTLD has since devastated coral reefs across the Florida Keys, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and parts of Latin America. The disease rapidly strips corals of their tissue, leaving behind bare skeletons. Despite intensive investigation, the exact cause of SCTLD remains unknown. However, environmental factors—such as ocean warming and nutrient pollution—are believed to influence its progression.
In a series of tightly controlled experiments at the Experimental Reef Lab located at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Science, the researchers used state-of-the-art robotic technology to expose eighty coral fragments to different combinations of water temperature and nutrient concentrations.
Key Findings:
SCTLD transmission was significantly lower at a higher temperature of 31°C (approximately 88°F) compared to a lower temperature of 28°C (approximately 82°F). The discovery suggests that peak summer temperatures may offer temporary relief from disease spread in affected regions. In contrast, elevated nutrient levels—particularly ammonium—did not influence disease transmission, though they did impair the corals growth, especially when combined with high temperatures.
The research, funded by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection DEP), focused on the Mountainous Star Coral (Orbicella faveolata), a key reef-builder in the Caribbean now listed as endangered. Understanding how environmental stressors interact with coral disease is critical for protecting reef systems and guiding recovery efforts.
"The use of robotic automation allowed us to precisely and independently treat coral fragments with different nutrients and diseases, while keeping each fragment in its own precise isolated environment," said Ana Palacio, the lead author of the study and an assistant scientist at the University of Miami NOAA Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) at the Rosenstiel School and the Atlantic Oceanographic Meteorological Laboratory's Coral Program "This breakthrough ensures reliable, contamination-free results and opens new possibilities for high-replication marine disease research at scale."
Research on the impacts of multiple environmental conditions on coral's health will continue as part of the ongoing Florida Regional Ecosystems Stressors Collaborative Assessment (FRESCA) project, a four-year initiative funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) . FRESCA aims to identify environmental thresholds for reef resilience under increased stressors including ocean warming, acidification, and low oxygen conditions.
The researchers plan to expand this work with future experiments to examine how combined stressors may alter disease dynamics and coral health more broadly.
The study, titled: Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients, was published on July 1, 2025, in the journal Nature Scientific Reports. The authors include Ana M. Palacio-Castro1,2*, Nash Soderberg1,2, Zachary Zagon1,2, Kenzie Cooke1,2, Michael S. Studivan1,2, Taylor Gill1,2, Chris Kelble2,3, Tyler Christian1,2 and Ian C. Enochs 2
1Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Miami, USA. 2NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, USA. 3NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, USA.
