First responders encounter difficult, traumatic events in times of emergency and crisis. They help people on the worst days of their lives and are exposed to some of the most dangerous situations, leaving them without the chance to cope in a normal fashion; they go without sleep and work long hours in emergent situations. In light of National First Responders Day October 28, a Baylor College of Medicine psychologist explains the importance of first responder mental health and how to offer support.
"There is a heightened risk of developing mental health concerns among first responders, and a lot of that is linked to the nature of the high-stress position," said Dr. Eric Storch, professor and vice chair of psychology in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor. "Given the nature of their work, they are at risk of experiencing stress-related conditions, such as post-traumatic reactions, anxiety or depression."
Storch emphasizes the importance of maintaining good overall life hygiene to provide initial defense against a situation: sleeping well, eating well, exercising and socializing. Peer support is crucial so first responders can talk to one another and process what they saw together after an event. First responders have little time during an emergency to reflect and focus on their own well-being.
"As the crisis starts to wane, take those opportunities to reflect on what happened and what you saw. Then, getting back into a routine is critical," he said.
Storch recommends trying to ensure stability by seeking support from loved ones. Family and friends play an essential role in providing support for the first responders in their lives and should have grace and patience for them. Employers also should be supportive, flexible and understanding to their employees with jobs outside of their first responder role. They must be empathetic and understand that the community needs people who go above and beyond in times of need. In the aftermath, first responders require a readjustment period.
Community support also is important. First responders provide a unique, special contribution to their community, and they should be celebrated; not necessarily with parades and fanfare but simply thanking them for their service.
"It takes a very special person to work in this space. These individuals immediately pick up everything on a moment's notice to go to crisis situations where they often endure the unthinkable, then they return to normal life. This doesn't just turn off the way it immediately had to turn on. Full-time employers, family members, peers and friends should be mindful of this," Storch said.
Debriefing allows for reflection after exposure to a traumatic event. The process involves discussing what happened, making sense of it and giving meaning to it, letting first responders share their feelings in a safe, confidential space.
Peer groups that connect first responders across communities often are helpful for these individuals, especially after an emergency. Groups that engage in first responder work often provide different support services in an aftermath, including groups within the fire department or police department. Responder Strong and First Responders Foundation provide resources and tools for first responders' mental health and overall wellbeing.
"When stress symptoms persist, being able to talk to your medical provider or psychological provider can be really helpful in adjusting to some of the difficult interactions people endured," Storch said.
