Researchers say exercising for a few extra minutes makes more of a difference than intensity when it comes to controlling blood sugar levels for those living with Type 2 diabetes.
A recent study from UBC Okanagan suggests that results depend less on how you exercise and more on how long you keep moving-especially for people newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes (T2D)
Researchers found that longer exercise sessions-especially early in an exercise program-were the strongest predictor of improvements in blood sugar control among inactive adults who were newly diagnosed with T2D.
Dr. Jonathan Little, a professor in UBCO's School of Health and Exercise Sciences, says the findings come from a follow-up analysis of data from the MOTIVATE T2D trial. The 26-week personalized exercise program tracked 58 adults who wore fitness watches, allowing researchers to analyze their exercise behaviours in real time.
"We saw a clear signal that exercise duration stood out above all other factors," says Dr. Little. "People who spent more time exercising during each session, regardless of the type or intensity, experienced bigger improvements in blood sugar levels."
The participants had their blood tested and blood sugar monitored before and after the intervention. Using data from fitness watches, the researchers tracked the exercise duration, volume, frequency and consistency during the 26 weeks.
The analysis was broken down into two phases. In the first 13 weeks, participants received significant coaching support. During the final 13 weeks, coaching support was reduced.
Dr. Jonathan Low, who completed the study for his doctoral studies at UBCO, says the main takeaway is that duration matters most-especially in the first few weeks. He also says neither exercise intensity nor type, whether it was aerobic or strength training, independently predicted blood sugar outcomes.
"This tells us that helping people build longer exercise sessions early on may set the foundation for lasting metabolic benefits," says Dr. Low. "Duration appears to be a more stable and sustainable behaviour, especially for people learning to adjust to life with T2D."
To put the findings into practical terms, the researchers found that each minute added to an average exercise session was linked to a measurable drop in glycated hemoglobin, a key marker of long-term blood sugar control.
"Extending an average workout from 30 to 45 minutes was linked to about 0.3 per cent reduction in glycated hemoglobin," explains Dr. Little. "That may seem small, but over multiple sessions each week, it could make a meaningful clinical difference. It can also add to the benefits of other lifestyle changes and medical treatments."
Dr. Kaja Falkenhain, a former UBCO doctoral student now at Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center, was a key collaborator on this work. She says exercise is a cornerstone of managing T2D, and is known to improve insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular health and metabolic function.
"However, advice on what matters most in an exercise prescription-duration, intensity, frequency or volume-has been inconsistent," she says. "This study helps demystify that question," she adds. "For people newly diagnosed with T2D, encouraging longer, manageable workouts may be one of the most effective and realistic strategies to improve blood sugar control."
The study, published in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , highlights that early support can help people change their exercise habits.
While the study was not originally designed to test these exact ideas, Dr. Little notes that the results still show that exercise-especially longer sessions-matters.
"Of all the different types of exercise variables we explored, workout time seems to matter more for lowering glucose than exercise type, intensity, calories burned or frequency," he adds. "So, find something you like and do it for as long as you can."
