Researchers at the universities of Gothenburg and Uppsala have published the up to now most extensive study of the family tree of the avian family of waxbills and allies (Estrildidae).
The study, which was based on DNA, included more than 80% of the World's approximately 145 species of waxbills.
The new study concludes that the common ancestor of all waxbills lived approximately 11 million years ago.
"The family tree in this study may among other things be used as a basis for many future lines of inquiry of these birds, which have evolved in different habitats in different continents, during a period in the history of Earth when large climatic variations have led to repeated fluctuations of forests and savannas, " says professor Urban Olsson.
The waxbills are small seed-eating birds that occur naturally in Africa, southern Asia and Austalia.
The group includes some of the most popular cage birds, e.g. Zebra Finch, Java Sparrow and a number of waxbills, firefinches, parrotfinches, cordon-bleus and munias.
"The Zebra Finch from Australia and parts of Indonesia, is one of the World's most well studied species of birds, and have been described as a 'super model'. It was only the second species of bird, after the domestic chicken, to have its entire genome mapped 2010, "says professor Urban Olsson.
This new study supports previous suggestions that Australian and Indonesian Zebra Finches are better treated as two separate species.
The authors propose that the waxbill family is divided into six subfamilies: Amandavinae, Erythrurinae, Estrildinae, Lagonostictinae, Lonchurinae and Poephilinae, each including between two and ten genera. A number of species are proposed to get new generic names compared to those in current use.
The article: Olsson, U. & Alström, P. 2020. A comprehensive phylogeny and revised classification of the waxbills (Aves: Estrildidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106757. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106757) (Open Access).
