Civilians who have fled the war in Sudan and sought shelter in neighbouring Egypt could potentially face a new battle - the loss of critical services that ensure their survival, the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, has warned.
Roughly 850,000 Sudanese are now living in Egypt, having escaped the brutal conflict in their homeland which recently entered a fourth year.
Among them is Nawal*, a mother and widow struggling to meet the basic needs of her six children who are not receiving enough food - the youngest of whom is constantly ill.
Supporting refugees and asylum seekers
UNHCR assists Sudanese arrivals through several services, including registration and refugee status determination, delegated by the Egyptian Government, UNHCR spokesperson in Egypt Christine Bishai told UN News.
The agency provides protection services as well as health, education, child and psychological support, in addition to cash assistance for the neediest families, including Nawal's.
But this support that refugees and asylum seekers receive is at risk due to what Ms. Bishai described as a serious funding shortage problem - not only because of the recent change in funding reaching humanitarian and development agencies, but also because the total number of refugees in Egypt has risen from 300,000 three years ago to more than 1.1 million.
Funding decrease
In 2025, funding levels remained almost the same as in 2022 - that is, before the outbreak of the Sudan crisis.
"The share of funding available to each refugee has decreased from $11 to only $4," Ms. Bishai said.
"The $11 amount was already insufficient to cover all the refugees' needs, and therefore, with the number of refugees doubling and funding shortfalls, the support we provide has been reduced."
Programme threatened with suspension
Nawal and other beneficiaries of UNHCR's cash assistance programme receive approximately 1,530 Egyptian pounds (about $29) per month. She also works part-time.
Yet, this is not enough, as Nawal has had to enroll only three of her children in school, while her eldest son has dropped out to care for his siblings while she is at work.
Ms. Bishai said that UNHCR often prefers to provide cash assistance to refugee families, allowing them to choose with dignity how to cover their needs, whether it be paying for rent, food, education, or health.
Fewer families being helped
The cash assistance programme had received only two per cent of the required funding, she cautioned, reducing the number of beneficiary families to "more than half."
Moreover, "the programme is threatened with closure if we do not receive additional support in the next few weeks," she added.
"Most of the families receiving cash assistance are headed by a woman, and these families usually have school-aged children.
"Therefore, when this support stops, the mother is forced to make very difficult decisions: whether to feed her children or send them to school," she said.
"Also, when there is only one breadwinner for such a family with school-aged children - the mother - she cannot take up regular work to provide a stable income for the family."
Training and job opportunities
UNHCR is working with various entities to provide refugee support.
"We have recently seen something positive with regard to the private sector, as companies have begun, through their social responsibility, to provide support, whether through training or providing job opportunities," she said.
This opens up "new horizons" for refugees and asylum seekers to learn new skills that could be used back home "when they have the opportunity to return in a safe and dignified manner," Ms. Bishai added.
*Only Nawal's first name is being used to protect her identity.
