Scientists at La Trobe University have produced a new, powerful electricity-conducting material, in research which could revolutionise smartphones and wearable technologies like medical devices.
The new technique uses hyaluronic acid, well known due to its popularity in skincare, applied directly to a gold-plated surface to create a thinner, more durable film, or polymer, used to conduct electricity in devices like biosensors.
Lead researcher Associate Professor Wren Greene said the technique could lead to major improvements in the function, cost and useability of devices like touchscreens and wearable biosensors.
"Conductive polymers as we know them were developed nearly 50 years ago and although they're exciting, they haven't lived up to their potential in that time. Often they are difficult to fabricate, as thin films don't conduct electricity very well, aren't transparent and can have highly variable properties," Dr Greene said.
"Through our method, called 'tethered dopant templating', we've created a robust way of making a conductive polymer that is flexible, durable, can conduct electricity as well as metals and is easily reproduced – so it's scalable."
Conductive polymers are synthetic materials which are widely used across all smart devices, from touch screens on smartphones to medical devices that regulate a patient's drug dosage and delivery.
The new research, published in ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, disproves the longstanding belief that to create conductive polymers, substances like hyaluronic acid must be added to a mixture of water and polymer-forming particles.
Applying the hyaluronic acid directly to the gold, in fact, gave scientists total control over the material's conductive properties, its shape and appearance.
The resulting material, called 2D PEDOT, is invisible to the naked eye and vastly more powerful than similar materials – attributes which give it the potential to have a huge impact on the future of smart, sensor-based devices.
"We were very excited to find that not only did the polymers form when we tethered directly to the gold, but that these polymers were thinner, more powerfully conductive and almost foolproof to reproduce," lead researcher and PhD candidate Luiza Aguiar do Nascimento said.
Dr Saimon Moraes Silva, senior researcher and Director of La Trobe's Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology (BEST) Research Centre, said the innovation could be particularly impactful in devices used in health and medical settings.
"Currently, it is difficult to consistently reproduce conductive polymers at the high quality needed for health and medical monitoring and drug delivery devices," Dr Moraes Silva said.
"I'm excited that we have created new capabilities for these materials which are scalable, affordable and reproducible."
The research was conducted by La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University's Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology (BEST) Research Centre and the Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry in the School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment (SABE).
