Metastatic urothelial carcinoma has a poor prognosis: ~50% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer progresses to metastasis, and the 5-year survival for advanced/metastatic disease is <10%. Platinum-based chemotherapy was historically first-line, but its benefit is limited by renal insufficiency/poor tolerance and the lack of effective options after resistance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved outcomes in a subset of patients and are supported by high tumor mutational burden and PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer; however, response rates remain only ~20%–30% and robust predictive biomarkers are lacking. "Against this backdrop—where efficacy depends not only on combination strategies but also on effective delivery." said the author Hang Huang, a researcher at Wenzhou Medical University, "we developped a mannose-modified, pH/GSH dual-responsive nano-delivery system (
Nano-Immunotherapy Boosts Cancer Treatment Efficacy
Beijing Institute of Technology Press Co., Ltd
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