A doctoral dissertation from the University of Vaasa, Finland, examines the management of artificial intelligence across national borders. Rakibul Hasan's doctoral research at the crossroads of International Business and Information Systems provides practical guidelines for executives and managers to safeguard the well-being of AI users.
Rakibul Hasan's doctoral research examines the governance and management of artificial intelligence across national borders – an angle that remains rarely explored.
– The common good and AI responsibility are at the core of my dissertation. It focuses on the governance of artificial intelligence to achieve collective societal well-being, Hasan explains.
According to Hasan, this perspective is vital for all advanced technologies, and particularly for AI, as artificial intelligence knows no national boundaries and current estimates suggest it already has over one billion users.
Hasan's dissertation points out that while modern AI systems offer management and governance opportunities to build firm-specific advantages, they can also cause harm to consumers, whether intentionally or unintentionally.
– It is crucial to look after social well-being so that the use or development of advanced technology does not create future problems while generating economic value in the market.
Findings benefit business leaders across organisations of all sizes
Hasan's research data comprises a literature review, interviews, archival material, online observations, and document analysis.
Based on these findings, Hasan has developed the Globally Responsive AI Organizing (GRAO) framework. Through GRAO, AI can be governed across four interrelated dimensions: (1) autonomy, (2) interactivity, (3) learning, and (4) appearance.
– The proposed theorisation benefits executive leadership and middle management across startups, scale-ups, medium-sized enterprises, and multinational corporations.
More broadly, Hasan's doctoral research contributes to the ongoing discourse on corporate actions aimed at advancing societal well-being.
– Business operations can align with fairness and responsibility while still generating profit for the company. My research highlights that AI itself cannot be trusted blindly; the responsibility rests firmly with the individuals in corporate leadership positions. Instead of trustworthy AI, "trusteeship organizing of AI" makes more strategic sense.
Dissertation
Hasan, Rakibul (2026) Managing artificial intelligence across borders. Acta Wasaensia 591. Doctoral dissertation. University of Vaasa.
The public defence of the dissertation was held on 4 September 2026.
