RMIT researchers have created an experimental 3D-printed diamond–titanium device that generates electricity from flowing liquid and receives wireless power through tissue making it possible to remotely sense changes in flow.
The innovation could one day lead to longer-lasting implants such as smart stents, drug-release systems and prosthetics that never need a battery replacement and are precisely tailored to a patient. It would involve no active electronics in the implant.
The team says the research is early but promising, as there are no known devices that can gather energy from both fluid movement and wireless signals, which is enabled by the mix of semiconductive diamonds into a metallic material.
Smarter, safer implants
Senior Lead Researcher Dr Arman Ahnood, from RMIT's School of Engineering, said the advance paved the way for safer devices.
"Our goal was to overcome one of the biggest limits in implant technology – the battery," he said.
"They take up space and eventually fail, which often means another operation. With this approach, implants could run continuously with little or no onboard battery."
He said the innovation could also have applications outside the biomedical sector.
"The ability to wirelessly receive power and harvest energy from liquid flow could be valuable in many other industries where sensors are needed in hard-to-access places using some of the most inert material systems," he said.
"Our device can remotely detect changes in liquid flow in lab tests without the need for any active electronics in the implantable portion, which offers potential for future implants that could warn of progression of disease before it becomes dangerous."
Ahnood said the innovation combined lightweight, strong and electrically conductive titanium with many tiny diamond particles.
"The diamonds transform titanium from a passive, structural implant material into an active, multifunctional platform – one that can scavenge energy, sense flow and receive wireless power while remaining biocompatible and strong," he said.
Power from liquid flow
The team tested the device using saline solutions in the lab rather than blood. They say the same principles could apply inside the body, where blood moving across the surface of an implant could generate energy.
Dr Peter Sherrell, from RMIT's School of Science, said the effect was key for low-energy medical devices.
"When liquid flowed across the surface in our lab tests, it produced a small but steady electrical signal. This is completely new – most implant materials are either insulating or conducting – this the combination of both in a single material that lets us see and use this electricity," he said.
"On its own this wouldn't be enough to run most devices but combined with wireless charging it could power simple implants."
Printing stronger, tailored devices
Professor Kate Fox, from RMIT's School of Engineering, said the team had also shown the device could be printed into complex, patient-tailored shapes.
"Diamond with titanium gave us a structure that was not only lightweight and durable but also electrically active," Fox said.
"It shows we can design implants that do their mechanical job and also provide sensing or power functions."
Next steps
The researchers say the innovation needs to undergo further testing and they are seeking partners across biomedical and other sectors to help develop the technology into real-world applications.
The research article, 'Additively manufactured diamond for energy scavenging and wireless power transfer in implantable devices' , is published in the peer-reviewed journal Advanced Functional Materials (DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202508766).
MULTMEDIA AVAILABLE FOR USE
Images and videos related to the innovation are available for download here: https://spaces.hightail.com/space/MEZCxOvpZE
Image 1 (3D printer close-up)
Caption:
The 3D printer at RMIT's Advanced Manufacturing Precinct (AMP) used to create the experimental diamond–titanium implantable device. AMP houses some of the most advanced 3D printing and materials processing technology in the southern hemisphere.
Credit: Shu Shu Zheng, RMIT University
Alt text:
Close-up of a large industrial 3D printer with a laser head inside RMIT's Advanced Manufacturing Precinct.
Image 2 (blue lid with small spiral parts)
Caption:
Tiny spiral-shaped diamond–titanium devices produced at RMIT's Advanced Manufacturing Precinct. The experimental structures can harvest energy from flowing liquid and receive wireless power.
Credit: Shu Shu Zheng, RMIT University
Alt text:
A blue plastic lid containing several small square spiral-shaped diamond–titanium devices.
Image 3 (Kate holding up device)
Caption:
Professor Kate Fox from RMIT's School of Engineering holds a spiral-shaped prototype of the diamond–titanium implantable device.
Credit: Shu Shu Zheng, RMIT University
Alt text:
A woman holds a small square spiral-shaped diamond–titanium device between her fingers.
Image 4 (two devices on metal surface)
Caption:
Two prototype diamond–titanium devices produced at RMIT's Advanced Manufacturing Precinct, shown on the printing bed.
Credit: Shu Shu Zheng, RMIT University
Alt text:
Close-up of two small square spiral-shaped diamond–titanium devices on a flat piece of metal with drill holes.
Image 5 (hand holding device close-up)
Caption:
A diamond–titanium prototype device being held after production at RMIT's Advanced Manufacturing Precinct.
Credit: Shu Shu Zheng, RMIT University
Alt text:
A hand holds a small square spiral-shaped diamond–titanium device between two fingers.
Image 6 (group of five researchers)
Caption:
The research team at RMIT's Advanced Manufacturing Precinct: (left to right) Dr Peter Sherrell, Dr Arman Ahnood, Mr Alan Jones, Professor Kate Fox and PhD researcher Joshua Zarins.
Credit: Shu Shu Zheng, RMIT University
Alt text:
Five researchers stand in a workshop space at RMIT's Advanced Manufacturing Precinct.
Image 7 (group of four researchers)
Caption:
The RMIT research team behind the diamond–titanium implantable device: (left to right) Dr Peter Sherrell, Dr Arman Ahnood, Professor Kate Fox and PhD researcher Joshua Zarins.
Credit: Shu Shu Zheng, RMIT University
Alt text:
Four researchers stand in front of red tool cabinets in a workshop space.
