For the first time, patients have received a revolutionary new injection for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), developed by King's College London researchers.
Today, patients at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust have become the first in the country to be treated with Dupilumab. The drug which can be self-administered like an insulin pen provides additional therapy to prevent acute flare ups of COPD - a progressive, long-term lung disease that makes it hard to breathe.
Every day in the UK 85 people with COPD will tragically die. The condition has a major impact on quality of life, morbidity and mortality, recorded as the 4th leading cause of death worldwide. COPD costs the NHS around £2 billion a year and is the second leading cause of hospital admissions.
Current treatments, including medicines that open up the airways, known as brochodilators, improve breathing but do not target the inflammation driving COPD symptoms. Other therapies, like steroid inhalers, broadly reduce inflammation but do not offer a targeted approach, so work inconsistently across patients.
The new treatment has been developed for those with a subtype of COPD which is affected by white blood cells known as eosinophils. This impacts about 80 million people globally.
In clinical trials Dupilumab reduced COPD flare ups, known as exacerbations, by 30-34% each year. Exacerbations result in increased shortness of breath, coughing and mucus production, and even lead to deaths - often resulting in the need for extra treatment including steroid medication and hospital admissions.
The drug, approved by NICE earlier this year, works by reducing inflammation in the body. Dupilumab targets proteins in the body that cause inflammation, like IL-4 and IL-13. This reduces swelling in the airways and mucus build up, helping patients breathe easier and reducing exacerbations.
The role of eosinophils in COPD has been the focus of two decades of research by Professor Mona Bafadhel at King's College London. Professor Bafadhel was one of the first to identify the involvement of the eosinophil in COPD.
Professor Mona Bafadhel, NIHR Research Professor and Director of the King's Centre for Lung Health, King's College London, said: "We don't know the exact role of the eosinophil in COPD, but patients with this type of inflammation often have more exacerbations.
"Identifying the patients with this type of inflammation means that we can be much more precise in our treatments. This is because the drug will be able to accurately bind to these types of cells to block the inflammatory response. These cells have been studied in detail by groups across the world, including our group here in King's College London."
"This is just one type of inflammation in patients living with COPD. We are starting to discover more and hope that these medicines and newer ones, will continue to benefit our patients locally and across the world."
In a milestone in the treatment for COPD, six patients received their first injection of Dupilumab today at St Thomas' Hospital. Following the first injection, they will receive their medication every two weeks and will be taught to self inject from the second dose.
The treatment is provided in hospital but in future could be administered by patients themselves. Patients can self-administer with pens, similar to how people with diabetes administer insulin.
Patients will be monitored for the following year to measure their amount of and review symptoms. If there has been an improvement the medication will be continued in the longer term.
Dr Amy Dewar, Consultant in Integrated Respiratory Medicine and Service Lead for Respiratory Medicine and Lead for COPD, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, said: "This is very much a new avenue of treatment for COPD and will make a truly meaningful impact on patients to reduce admissions and flare ups of their condition."
While COPD affects people across the UK and around the world, the research team at King's and Guy's and St Thomas', have seen the direct impact of COPD locally.
Dr Dewar, who is also COPD lead for Royal Brompton & Harefield hospitals, added: "Exacerbations remain the dominant driver of admissions and cost locally, particularly during winter months, placing sustained pressure on urgent and emergency services.
"For a high‑need cohort of COPD patients within south east London, this new treatment offers the opportunity to improve outcomes, reduce disease instability, enhance patient experience and reduce pressure on the healthcare system."
Further developments with these classes of medicines look to investigate whether this type of treatment could be administered less frequently, newer treatments and the long term outcomes from these types of medications will have on patients with COPD.
Our recommendation of dupilumab was a significant milestone for people with COPD. It offers people an effective, targeted therapy that has shown impressive results - reducing flare-ups and improving lung function. This is better for patients, offering genuine hope for a better quality of life, and better for the NHS. Recommending this medicine demonstrated NICE is continuing to get the best care to patients while ensuring value for the taxpayer.
Helen Knight, director of medicines evaluation at NICE
King's and Guy's and St Thomas' are united as part of King's Health Partners (KHP) - a partnership between King's and three local hospitals, which brings together patients, academics, industry, and health and social care professionals.
