This study is led by Prof. Hai-Zhou Lu and Prof. Qihang Liu (Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology).
Every time a new Hall effect is discovered, a wave of research will be inspired. The first experiment on a new type of Hall effect, the layer Hall effect, had been reported by Xu's group at Harvard University. In the layer Hall effect, electrons from the top and bottom layers are deflected to opposite directions and was measured by applying an out-of-plane electric field to break the PT symmetry [see Figures (c) and (d) below], where P and T represent inversion symmetry and time-reversal symmetry, respectively. The authors proposed a universal picture in terms of hidden Berry curvature for the layer Hall effect [Figure (b)]. They show that the existence of the layer Hall effect is irrelevant to the electric field [Figure (a)], which is similar to the valley/spin Hall effect. Therefore, they also proposed an alternative approach, i.e., the nonlocal measurement, to identify the layer Hall effect, without applying the electric field.
On the other hand, the authors revealed three distinct features to enhance the layer Hall effect in PT-symmetric antiferromagnetic insulators. Moreover, the authors proposed more material candidates for the layer Hall effect, which will inspire more experimental explorations. Also, the hidden physics can be generalized to many degrees of freedom, including spin, orbital, and circular polarizations in the future.
