On April 20, 2023, a juvenile great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) measuring approximately 210 cm and weighing between 80-90 kg was incidentally caught by local fishermen off the coast of eastern peninsula. This rare encounter, prompted the researchers to dive deep into past records spanning from 1862 to 2023 compiling an extensive review that is now published in the open-access journal Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria .
The accidental capture - contextualized within a review of records spanning 160 years - revealed that while the Mediterranean great white shark remains as an elusive "ghost" population, it maintains a continued presence in these waters. Currently, the species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, with a declining population trend.
"Determining the presence of juvenile individuals is of particular importance," says Dr. José Carlos Báez, the study's lead researcher. "The occurrence of juvenile specimens raises the question whether active reproduction may be occurring in the region." He further hypothesized.
The fear of Great White Sharks
Through the examination of records, this study confirms the continued, though sporadic, presence of white sharks in Spanish Mediterranean waters. This research highlights a persistent but infrequent occurrence, with sightings remaining an exceptional event.
Citing H.P. Lovecraft's famous observation that "the oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown." He emphasizes that scientific clarity is the best remedy. "By shedding light on the biology and ecology of the great white shark, research can help replace unfounded myths with genuine understanding."
Dismantling the Stigma, One Myth at a Time
With great white shark populations in decline, researchers emphasize that long-term observation programs are vital to understanding the species' biology in the Mediterranean. By pairing direct sightings with advanced tracking methods, evidence-based strategies can be developed for the conservation of this iconic apex predator.
The main idea I want to convey to the public is that these large marine animals have a fundamental role in marine ecosystems. As highly migratory pelagic species, they redistribute energy and nutrients across vast distances. They serve as nature's scavengers - by consuming carrion, they keep ecosystems clean. Even in death, their descent to the seafloor provides a critical pulse of nourishment for deep-sea communities.
- concludes Báez
Original source:
Báez, J.C., Puerto, M.A., Torreblanca, D., Varela, J.L., Carmona, L. and Macías, D. (2026). New record of white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Elasmobranchii, Lamniformes, Lamnidae), from the Mediterranean Spanish coast. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 56, pp.27–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.3897/aiep.56.173786.
