A fossil dating back 240 million years has finally been formally identified after spending decades hidden inside a retaining wall. Researchers from UNSW Sydney and the Australian Museum have now named and described the ancient amphibian, bringing new attention to an unusual discovery that began in the 1990s.
The specimen was first uncovered by a retired chicken farmer, who had sourced rocks from a nearby quarry to build a garden retaining wall. Among those stones was the fossil, which was later donated to the Australian Museum in Sydney.
Rare Fossil Preserves Skeleton and Skin
Paleontologist Lachlan Hart, affiliated with both UNSW Science and the Australian Museum, explains that the fossil, now named Arenaerpeton supinatus, meaning 'supine sand creeper', is exceptionally well preserved. It includes almost the entire skeleton and even faint outlines of the animal's skin.
"This fossil is a unique example of a group of extinct animals known as temnospondyls, which lived before and during the time of the dinosaurs," says Mr. Hart, a PhD candidate in the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES) at UNSW.
"We don't often find skeletons with the head and body still attached, and the soft tissue preservation is an even rarer occurrence."
A River Predator From the Triassic
Arenaerpeton lived in freshwater environments within what is now the Sydney Basin during the Triassic period, around 240 million years ago. According to Mr. Hart, it likely preyed on ancient fish such as Cleithrolepis. Beyond that, there is limited evidence about the other species that shared its habitat.
In appearance, the creature may remind people of a modern Chinese Giant Salamander, particularly when looking at its head shape.
"Superficially, Arenaerpeton looks a lot like the modern Chinese Giant Salamander, especially in the shape of its head," Mr. Hart says.
"However, from the size of the ribs and the soft tissue outline preserved on the fossil we can see that it was considerably more heavyset than its living descendants. It also had some pretty gnarly teeth, including a pair of fang-like tusks on the roof of its mouth."
Size May Have Helped Survival
One of the most notable aspects of Arenaerpeton is its size. Mr. Hart estimates it measured about 1.2m from head to tail, which is unusually large compared to many of its close relatives from the same period.
He notes that later temnospondyls continued to exist in Australia for another 120 million years, with some species reaching even greater sizes. This long history spans two major mass extinction events, suggesting that increasing body size may have played a role in their survival.
A Major Fossil Discovery in Australia
Dr. Matthew McCurry, Senior Lecturer in UNSW's School of BEES and Curator of Palaeontology at the Australian Museum, emphasizes the importance of the find.
"This is one of the most important fossils found in New South Wales in the past 30 years, so it is exciting to formally describe it," says Dr. McCurry, who is also a co-author on the study. "It represents a key part of Australia's fossil heritage."
The research has been published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
