Cognitive decline is a major global health challenge. Identifying accessible preventive strategies is crucial. Lecithin, whose key component is phosphatidylcholine (PC), is essential for brain cell structure and function. While prior research has shown promise, large-scale evidence from Chinese populations has been limited.
This cross-sectional study involved 1,917 community-dwelling older adults. Their dietary lecithin intake was assessed via questionnaire, and cognitive status was rigorously evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The analysis results demonstrated that, after comprehensive consideration of multiple factors including age, gender, education, and chronic disease history, elderly individuals with higher dietary lecithin intake exhibited a significantly reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), along with a better performance in the cognitive assessment. Targeted lipidomics analysis revealed that the MCI group exhibited lower total phosphocholine (PC) levels, a reduced proportion of PC containing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and a higher proportion of PC containing saturated fatty acid (SFA). The study also reveals a noteworthy phenomenon: the positive association between dietary lecithin and cognitive function is more pronounced among older adults with lower educational attainment (junior high school education or below). This finding suggests that educational level may serve as a key moderator influencing the relationship between dietary factors and cognitive function. Targeted dietary improvements—such as increasing lecithin intake—may yield greater cognitive health benefits for older adults with lower educational backgrounds.
"This study provides important epidemiological evidence that ensuring adequate lecithin intake through a balanced diet could be a feasible approach to support cognitive health in the elderly," said the research team.
The researchers note that while the findings are promising, future prospective studies are needed to confirm a causal relationship and explore the underlying mechanisms in more detail.
