How can pyrolysis support the green transition?
The most important climate benefit is that residual biomass can be converted into a stable form of carbon—biochar—and stored in the soil, rather than having the carbon quickly return to the atmosphere as CO2 (see fact box, ed.). At the same time, pyrolysis also produces gas and bio-oil, which can be used to generate energy or, after upgrading, to make fuels for aircraft and ships, both of which are difficult to electrify. Biochar can also replace fossil coal in the steel industry, among others.
In addition, this technology can serve as a way to manage byproducts such as straw, residual fibres from biogas production, and sewage sludge, while also reducing organic contaminants—such as PFAS and dioxins—in the raw material. On sandy soils, biochar can also improve soil water retention and make the soil more drought resistant.
