When Akorfa Dagadu arrived at MIT, she had a solution in mind: a mobile app to improve recycling and environmental engagement in her home country of Ghana. The project, called Ishara, aimed to make it easier for people to participate in local recycling systems while creating economic opportunities.
"I grew up in what people often call the trash capital of Accra," she recalls. "I thought I knew what would fix it. So [my Ishara co-founders and I] built a solution - an app - behind some desk in a library … We did what I thought was market research, but looking back, we were basically asking people what they thought about our idea instead of asking how things actually worked … Implementation humbled us very quickly."
On the ground, Dagadu encountered a reality very different than she anticipated.
"Informal networks of waste pickers and aggregators were already doing the work," she explains. They'd developed a system that was already working, but it was "invisible, undervalued, and excluded from larger recycling conversations."
From technical solutions to systems change
Soon after arriving at MIT, Dagadu discovered the PKG Center for Social Impact as a place that could help her pivot, taking a step back from her technical solution to understand the systemic context of the problem she was trying to solve.
As a first-year student, Dagadu received a PKG Fellowship , which provides funding and mentorship for students to pursue community-engaged research and development. This early support positioned Dagadu to apply to PKG's IDEAS Social Innovation Incubator to further refine her social enterprise, Ishara. Dagadu was one of few first-year students selected for IDEAS among an applicant pool dominated by MBA and other graduate students.
"At MIT, there are a lot of opportunities focused on entrepreneurship. But not as many that emphasize how you can do something for the environment or your community," says Dagadu. IDEAS trains technical founders in systems change for social impact and community-engaged innovation.
Dagadu obtained another PKG Fellowship to iterate on Ishara the following summer, and was accepted to the IDEAS incubator a second time. Eventually, she refined her app from a technical solution the community didn't need to one that connects existing recycling networks to the broader value chain, in ways that are transparent and fair, using a blockchain-enabled buyback center.
"The biggest thing PKG has given me is a way of thinking," Dagadu explains. "The systems thinking mindset really stays with you. You start to see everything as connected. Technical solutions are not just technical; they have social and economic implications. I find myself applying that in all my classes. Whether I am designing a reactor system or working through a materials problem, I am always asking how this fits into the larger system and who it affects."
Community-engaged chemical engineering
Dagadu says that "PKG has shaped both how I do research and how I think about it." She grew to understand the importance of research grounded in local partnerships, and points to her collaboration with Chanja Datti, a recycling company in Nigeria, as a prime example.
"That collaboration has directly informed my research," says Dagadu. "What started as a PKG-supported exploration has now grown into a full undergraduate-led research project at MIT, supported by D-Lab , focused on one of the hardest questions in recycling: what to do with multilayer plastic waste."
"This is where my chemical engineering and materials background comes in," explains Dagadu, who studies how random heteropolymers can stabilize enzymes for plastic degradation through the Alexander-Katz Lab. "Thinking about polymer structure, processing, and what is actually feasible," is critical to her work on the ground. "But it is also shaped by everything PKG emphasizes. You cannot separate the material from the system it lives in."
Dagadu also appreciates the personal community she's developed through her journey at MIT, especially as her venture evolved and her co-founders stepped away. "I went from being part of a strong team of three to building Ishara largely on my own," she recalls. "That's when I understood what people mean by entrepreneurship being lonely. The doubt, the weight of decisions - it became very real, very quickly."
She drew on relationships developed through PKG and the Kuo Sharper Center for Prosperity and Entrepreneurship , where Dagadu is a student fellow, to ground her and remind her of her personal mission. "It's not just about having a team," she realized. "It's about having a community that can hold you through the moments when things fall apart."
The PKG Center's assistant dean, Alison Hynd, who supported Dagadu through multiple PKG Fellowships, sees Dagadu's ability to create community as a tremendous asset: "As a first-year student, she came through the door with an intellectual vision and drive to do this work, but at MIT, she's found her voice to pull other people into it."
Same question, different scale
Next year, Dagadu will broaden her community still more, as a Schwarzman Scholar at Tsinghua University in Beijing. While the context of her studies will change, her motivation remains the same as when she entered MIT.
"I want to keep asking the same question that's shaped so much of my work so far," she says, "not just how we design better materials, but how we design systems where those materials can actually work. That means zooming out and exploring the policy and economics of material flow."
Through Ishara, Dagadu's social enterprise, she's seen how systems intersect and function on the ground in the case of recycling in Ghana. "Now, I want to understand forces at a much larger scale," she says, "and I can't think of a better place to explore this question than in China, the manufacturing hub of the world."
