A newly-discovered species of a large, crocodile-relative predator has been described via a remarkably well-preserved fossil from Argentina, according to a study published August 27, 2025, in the open-access journal PLOS One by Fernando Novas from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Argentina, and colleagues.
The Chorrillo Formation formed around 70 million years ago, during the Maastrichtian age at the very end of the Cretaceous period. At this time, southern Patagonia was a warm, seasonally humid landscape of freshwater floodplains, home to creatures like dinosaurs, turtles, frogs, and various mammals.
The new fossil unearthed in this formation is largely intact, including a skull and jaws with visible details, as well as multiple bones from the body. This crocodile-like apex predator may have reached around 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) long and weighed around 250 kilograms (551 pounds), with a wide, powerful jaw and big teeth capable of devouring large prey — likely including medium-sized dinosaurs. The researchers named the species Kostensuchus atrox, referring to the Patagonian wind known in the Tehuelche native language as the Kosten and the Egyptian crocodile-headed god known as Souchos, with atrox meaning "fierce" or "harsh".
K. atrox itself is not a dinosaur, but rather a peirosaurid crocodyliform, an extinct group of reptiles related to modern crocodiles and alligators. This species is the second-largest predator known to scientists from the Maastrichtian Chorrillo Formation, and the researchers believe it was likely one of the top predators in the region. K. atrox is also the first crocodyliform fossil found in the Chorrillo Formation, and one of the most intact peirosaurid crocodyliforms ever found, giving scientists unique new insight into these prehistoric animals and their ecosystem.
In your coverage, please use this URL to provide access to the freely available article in PLOS One: http://plos.io/47w520t
Citation: Novas FE, Pol D, Agnolín FL, Carvalho IdS, Manabe M, Tsuihiji T, et al. (2025) A new large hypercarnivorous crocodyliform from the Maastrichtian of Southern Patagonia, Argentina. PLoS One 20(8): e0328561. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328561
Author countries: Argentina, Portugal, Japan.
Funding: DP 9282-R-22 National Geographic Society https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/ The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ISC Faperj E-26/200.998/2024 Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro https://www.faperj.br/ The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ISC CNPq 303596/2016-3 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico https://www.gov.br/cnpq/pt-br The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
