Nearly one-in-three deaths from non-melanoma skin cancer are caused by working under the sun, according to joint estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO). The research, released in the journal Environment International, finds that outdoor workers carry a large and increasing burden of non-melanoma skin cancer and calls for action to prevent this serious workplace hazard and the loss of workers' lives it causes.
According to the joint estimates, 1.6 billion people of working age (15 years or older) were exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation while working outdoors in 2019, equivalent to 28 per cent of all working-age people. In 2019 alone, almost 19,000 people in 183 countries died from non-melanoma skin cancer due to having worked outdoors in the sun. The majority (65 per cent) were male.
"Unprotected exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation at work is a major cause of occupational skin cancer," said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. "But there are effective solutions to protect workers from the sun's harmful rays and prevent their deadly effects."
The estimates establish occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation as the work-related risk factor with the third highest attributable burden of cancer deaths globally. Between 2000 and 2019, skin cancer deaths As put by occupational exposure to sunlight almost doubled - increasing by 88 per cent, from 10,088 deaths in 2000 to 18,960 deaths in 2019.
"A safe and healthy working environment is a fundamental right at work," said Gilbert F. Houngbo, ILO Director-General. "Death caused by unprotected exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation while working is largely preventable through cost-effective measures. It is urgent that governments, employers and workers and their representatives work together in a framework of well-defined rights, responsibilities and duties to reduce the occupational risk of UV exposure. This can save thousands of lives every year."
The research calls for more action to protect workers from hazardous outdoor work in the sunlight. Since skin cancer develops after years, or even decades of exposure, workers must be protected from solar ultraviolet radiation at work from a young working age. Governments should establish, implement and enforce policies and regulations that protect outdoor workers from sun-induced skin cancer by providing shade, shifting working hours away from the solar noon, providing education and training, and equipping workers with sunscreen and personal protective clothing (such as a broad-brimmed hat, long-sleeved shirts and long trousers). Protective measures should be implemented when the ultraviolet index, a scale rating the amount of skin-damaging ultraviolet radiation, is three or higher.
WHO, ILO, the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme have developed the SunSmart Global UV App, which allows outdoor workers to estimate their exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation.
Other measures to reduce skin cancer risks include raising workers' awareness of the link between occupational sun exposure and skin cancer and providing services and programmes to detect early signs of skin cancer.
