When moms were slower to vocally respond to their 1-yr-old baby's vocalizations, the child was more likely to have been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder by age 7, in a new study published July 1, 2026 in the open access journal PLOS One by Bethany Stanley of the University of Glasgow, UK, and colleagues.
Psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence are among the major causes of disability worldwide. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that early social interactions between parents and children predict important aspects of child development as well as specific psychiatric diagnoses.
In the new study, researchers drew on data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), specifically, the 1,240 families that participated in the "Children in Focus" clinics when infants were 12 months old. The study included videos of 158 mother-infant pairs interacting while looking at a picture book. Audio from each video was used to gauge how quickly moms responded to their child's vocalizations. 55 children went on to receive at least one psychiatric diagnosis by age 7, while 103 were sex-matched controls.
Moms' vocal responses within one second of a baby's own vocalization were found to predict overall cases and sub-diagnoses of disruptive behavior disorders and ADHD later in childhood. For every 10% increase in the probability of maternal response within one second, the estimated odds of the child receiving any psychiatric disorder diagnosis by age 7 decreased by 17% (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71–0.95). Associations were also observed specifically for ADHD (OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63–0.99) and DBD (OR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.94). No association was found between maternal vocal response and later autism or emotional disorders.
The study was limited by the small size of the diagnostic subgroups, as well as the focus only on moms within the family, and on the timing of vocal response without assessing the quality of the response or other patterns.
The authors conclude that timely maternal vocal responses might be a measurable indicator of later risk for disruptive behavior disorders in children, and that analyses of this kind could contribute to the development of screening instruments for disorders amenable to early intervention. However, they stress that a lack of timely vocal response during parent-child interactions does not guarantee later psychiatric diagnoses.
Professor Phil Wilson adds: "This latest paper in a series from our group looking at very early predictors of psychiatric problems in childhood suggests a robust association between slow parental responses to their infants' signals and later problems. We don't know yet whether the slow responses cause the problems, or whether there are other factors, such as genetic risk, which might explain our findings. Importantly though, the work emphasises the value of observing early parent-child interaction in assessing a child's psychological vulnerability."
In your coverage, please use this URL to provide access to the freely available article in PLOS One: https://plos.io/4xKnugA
Citation: Stanley B, Allely CS, Charlton J, Gillberg C, Law J, Levickis P, et al. (2026) Probability of a timely vocal response in mother-infant interaction and later psychiatric diagnosis: A case-control study. PLoS One 21(7): e0344552. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0344552
Author countries: UK, Australia, Denmark.
Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
