As the world embraces sustainable transportation and clean energy, researchers at the University of Cincinnati are trying to solve the challenges of these growing technologies. Innovations like electric vehicles and wind turbines rely on high-strength permanent magnets to operate, but the scarcity of rare-earth elements in these magnets poses a significant obstacle.
Matt Steiner, assistant professor of materials science and engineering at UC's College of Engineering and Applied Science (CEAS), is working to solve a piece of the puzzle that could lead to the development of more accessible alternative magnets.
Matt Steiner in his lab. Photo/Corrie Mayer/CEAS Marketing
"In materials science, we are always thinking about supply-limited materials," Steiner said. "For example, in car batteries, lithium and cobalt are very supply limited. It's one of the reasons why electrifying things has been such a challenge, because these low supply materials put a strain on the whole system."
Steiner's lab is focusing on the science behind the creation of a special type of iron-nickel magnet, called tetrataenite. Tetrataenite is the perfect replacement for the rare-earth magnets currently used in EVs and wind turbines because the materials are relatively abundant and have the necessary magnetic properties. However, it takes the atoms in iron-nickel millions of years to properly diffuse and become the ideal magnet. Steiner and his team are testing strategies to drastically accelerate this process in the lab to create this super-strong magnet in bulk for use in clean energy technologies.
Steiner received the prestigious Department of Energy Early Career Research Award in 2023, granting him $875,000 to continue this research project over the next five years.
While earning his bachelor's in applied physics from Columbia University and his PhD from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Steiner developed an affinity for science that had more direct applications rather than more mathematical ones. During his undergraduate years, Steiner discovered an interest in physics, specifically nuclear and plasma physics, which set him on the trajectory leading him to where he is today. Now, through this DoE research grant, he hopes to share that inspiration and drive for direct scientific application with the next generation of students.
"This grant provides me the luxury to be able to sit down for five years with a PhD student to really focus on the work that we do, and it provides our students with opportunities that they otherwise may not have had before," Steiner said.
In addition to his iron-nickel magnet research, Steiner is the primary adviser to four graduate students and has three undergraduate students that work in his lab. Recently, Steiner also completed research projects evaluating steel corrosion in bridges, sensitization of marine aluminum alloys, developing new nickel-based alloys for high temperature applications and analyzing uranium nuclear fuel alloys. He graduated his first PhD student this October.
"I'm hoping, if nothing else, that all of the work I do with my students establishes that materials science is a growing interdisciplinary field that is vital to our collective success in the world of science. A lot of people look at things like metallurgy as sort of dead fields, when they're really not," Steiner said.
Steiner is also honored to be a vital part of putting UC onto bigger stages in the research world. Steiner, along with Annette Rowe from biological sciences, was one of two professors from UC who received the Department of Energy grant this year. The Department of Energy only gives around 50 of these grants to university researchers every year, making Steiner's award particularly noteworthy.
"As materials scientists, we are constantly researching and producing parts and materials that are vital to everything we need, from driving to manufacturing to flying. Our graduates have a high job placement rate because there are so many exciting and diverse applications for materials science that most people just aren't exposed to at the college level. It's important for people to know how important the work that we do is. I'm excited to keep pushing our knowledge further alongside my students over the next five years."
Featured image at top: In his lab, Matt Steiner, assistant professor of materials science and engineering, holds an inspirational meteorite piece. Photo/Corrie Mayer/CEAS Marketing
