These explanatory differences are based on the two great theoretical achievements of physics in the 20th century - the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The fact that it can still not be explained in a uniform way with a single theory makes gravitation the most mysterious of the four fundamental forces of physics. These basic forces determine the behaviour of bodies, fields, particles and systems; the other three are the weak interaction, the strong interaction and electromagnetism.
Many perspectives, stable solutions
Heisenberg's approach is characterised by the way in which she studies gravity from a range of perspectives: like a telescope, each theory opens up another outlook on reality. She uses these perspectives to obtain new insights into the essential and fundamental properties of gravity. "We combine the various interpretations of gravity in order to find stable solutions to the problems of general relativity," she adds. Heisenberg has now won the ETH Zurich Latsis Prize for her detailed analysis of gravity in the light of classical and quantum physics and the corresponding conclusions drawn from astrophysical, cosmological and particle physics experiments. The prize will be awarded at ETH Day 2020.
Heisenberg's multidisciplinary approach combines gravitational physics, cosmology, particle physics and computational astrophysics. As a theoretical physicist, she does not perform experiments in the lab or particle accelerators - she works with a pen and notebook, and carries out computer calculations. Mathematics is her most important tool. The quality of her theories is measured by the extent to which the mathematical equations can explain the data from particle physics experiments or from cosmological and astrophysical observations.
Beethoven, bouldering and a bow and arrow
Her multidisciplinary approach is reflected in the composition of her team and in her teaching. Heisenberg is a team player, and it is important to her to see open questions discussed: "I really enjoy interacting with my team and my students." For her, enjoyment is the best compensation for disappointment and stress.
Heisenberg also finds balance in running, climbing, fitness training and archery, and in activities that require a high level of concentration: "In archery I have to focus very closely on my position if I want to hit the target. In moments like these, I'm completely present in the here and now - not thinking about the past or worrying about the future." She also experiences such inspiring moments of complete immersion in her research, moments when she is fully absorbed in what she is doing. In difficult times she finds stability in music, in the symphonies of Beethoven.
Heisenberg's career path is as diverse as her research: she has lived in various countries since childhood, "and in every country, I have learned the language." Today she can speak six languages, including German. She originally arrived at ETH as a fellow of the Institute for Theoretical Studies. In 2018, she received an ERC Starting Grant, which is awarded only to the best researchers, and was appointed assistant professor in the Department of Physics. Her future is literally written in the stars - ever since she was a child, Heisenberg has dreamed of becoming an astronaut. And this goal continues to drive her: "To see Earth from such a perspective - it must be an amazing feeling to see how fragile our Earth is."